DaVita Final Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
AKI - Answer -acute kidney injury
(Was once called 'Acute Renal Failure')
Encompasses wide spectrum of kidney issues
Includes acute kidney failure and kidney function changes
May dialyze in out-patient facility until kidney function recovers
Examples of pre-renal causes of AKI - Answer -Burns, hemorrhage, heart failure,
obstruction of renal artery, hypotension, stenosis of renal artery
Examples of intra-renal causes of AKI - Answer -nephritis, tubular necrosis,
glomerular nephritis, chemo, some antibiotics, anti inflammatory, poisons
Examples of post-renal causes of AKI - Answer -kidney stones, tumor in bladder,
problem with ureter, anything preventing urine from leaving kidney
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,When outlining the treatment foals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the out-
patient facility, How do you help in restoring kidney function? - Answer -treat
problem causing AKI
When outlining the treatment foals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the out-
patient facility, How do you protect kidneys from further injury? - Answer -Do not
pull too much fluid!! It is better to leave patient a little wet than too dry, DO NOT
CAUSE HYPOTENSION, keep CVC infection free
When outlining the treatment foals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the out-
patient facility, What is important when monitoring weight and BP? - Answer -
Educate patient on and promote adequate diet
When outlining the treatment foals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the out-
patient facility, AKI patients are at increased risk for which complications? -
Answer -hypovolemia, hypotension
When outlining the treatment foals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the out-
patient facility, What do you need to consider in regards to their vascular access? -
Answer -Will only have CVC which will be open to infection
What is the difference between AKI and CKD? - Answer -AKI is temporary and
reversible
CKD is permanent and not reversible
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, Treatment goals for patients with CKD - Answer --slow the progression of CKD
-manage comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of CKD on patients' lifestyle
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
What are the most common causes for CKD in the USA? - Answer -Diabetes &
Hypertension account for 70% of CKD. Polycystic Kidney Disease is another
cause
Kt/V -- goal is - Answer ->= 1.2, for 3x/week frequency
Kt/V --- "K" stands for - Answer -clearance of urea
Kt/V --- "t" stands for - Answer -the time of the dialysis session
Kt/V --- "V" stands for - Answer -total volume of the patient's body water in which
urea is distributed
Kt/V --- What treatment factors decrease K? - Answer -dialyzer too small,
inadequate heparin dose, not an adequate BFR
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Answers
AKI - Answer -acute kidney injury
(Was once called 'Acute Renal Failure')
Encompasses wide spectrum of kidney issues
Includes acute kidney failure and kidney function changes
May dialyze in out-patient facility until kidney function recovers
Examples of pre-renal causes of AKI - Answer -Burns, hemorrhage, heart failure,
obstruction of renal artery, hypotension, stenosis of renal artery
Examples of intra-renal causes of AKI - Answer -nephritis, tubular necrosis,
glomerular nephritis, chemo, some antibiotics, anti inflammatory, poisons
Examples of post-renal causes of AKI - Answer -kidney stones, tumor in bladder,
problem with ureter, anything preventing urine from leaving kidney
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,When outlining the treatment foals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the out-
patient facility, How do you help in restoring kidney function? - Answer -treat
problem causing AKI
When outlining the treatment foals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the out-
patient facility, How do you protect kidneys from further injury? - Answer -Do not
pull too much fluid!! It is better to leave patient a little wet than too dry, DO NOT
CAUSE HYPOTENSION, keep CVC infection free
When outlining the treatment foals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the out-
patient facility, What is important when monitoring weight and BP? - Answer -
Educate patient on and promote adequate diet
When outlining the treatment foals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the out-
patient facility, AKI patients are at increased risk for which complications? -
Answer -hypovolemia, hypotension
When outlining the treatment foals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the out-
patient facility, What do you need to consider in regards to their vascular access? -
Answer -Will only have CVC which will be open to infection
What is the difference between AKI and CKD? - Answer -AKI is temporary and
reversible
CKD is permanent and not reversible
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Treatment goals for patients with CKD - Answer --slow the progression of CKD
-manage comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of CKD on patients' lifestyle
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
What are the most common causes for CKD in the USA? - Answer -Diabetes &
Hypertension account for 70% of CKD. Polycystic Kidney Disease is another
cause
Kt/V -- goal is - Answer ->= 1.2, for 3x/week frequency
Kt/V --- "K" stands for - Answer -clearance of urea
Kt/V --- "t" stands for - Answer -the time of the dialysis session
Kt/V --- "V" stands for - Answer -total volume of the patient's body water in which
urea is distributed
Kt/V --- What treatment factors decrease K? - Answer -dialyzer too small,
inadequate heparin dose, not an adequate BFR
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
