AP Human Geography Notes

Ap Human
Geography

, AMSCO
Unit 1
In 1
·
maps are the most important geographer skill
-

help organize complex info




Reference Maps
Designed for ppI to refer for general info about places
Political maps : human-created boundaries & Places
·




EX : countries, states cities , & Capitals
-




,

·

physical maps : natural features

eX : mountains, rivers, & deserts
-




·
Road maps : labels highways , streets & alleys
·
plat maps : property lines & land Ownership



car to
Thematic Maps gram

show spatial aspects of info

·
Chloropleth maps : use various colors , shades of a color to show location & distribution of


Spatial data Shows quantitative
. data, in defined areas

ex : percentage
ppl English
-


of who speak
·
Dot distribution Maps : shows specific location & distribution of
something accross a map
·
Graduated Symbol maps : uses symbols of diff sizes to show diff amounts of something
(proportional Symbol map)
·
Isoline map : uses lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations

most popular topographic map
-


version is


Cartograms the sizes of something (countries) are shown according to
·
: a statistic




Scale
every Earth
·

map is a smaller version than the one on



Scale
·
is the ratio between the size of things irl & things on a
map

Cartographic scale : the way the map shows the ratio of its irl & map size
-




-

Small-scale maps : larger map , less detail

-large-scale maps : smaller size, more detail

, AMSCO
Unit 1
Zis]

Spatial Pattern
arrangement of
phenomena
·
on a
map


Location
-




·
Absolute location : precise spot where something is

·
Latitude : Vertical (North >
- south) of the equator
·
longitude : horizontal (east or west) of the Prime Meridian

Relative location to other
·
: Where something is in relation things
-

Change over time




Distance
&




·
Absolute Distance : measured in Et , Miles, km, m (distance from home eschool is 2 .
2 m)
·
Relative Distance : degree of nearness based on time or $110 min Car ,
25 walking)


Elevation
-




·
distance of features ABOVE sea IvI
·
higher elevation = cooler climate




Pattern Distribution
-


the way spread
something is out over an area


clustered/agglomerated distribution : group concentrated
·
or area

Cities along the border of US & Mexico
-




·
linear :
straight line
-houses along a railroad line
·
dispersed Spread : out over large area

·
circular : equally spaced from a central point

geometric regular arrangement
·
:


-


squares or blocks formed by roads in Midwest

·
random : appear to have no order




Projections
·
all maps distort Some aspect of reality

, AMSCO
Unit 1
1 I
.




/Projection Purpose strengths weakness
·
· distance between longitude&
directions accurate
longitude lines are constant
mercator
Navigation latitude & longitude lines and
meet near poles are large


Spatial distribution · innacurate shapes
·
sizes of land masses accurate
Peters related to area especially near poles


·
lines of long its de converge
midlatitude
·
direction inconsistent
lines of latitude curved
Conic contries
·
·
longitude lines converged only
· size & shape close to one pole
reality
· no major distortion
shape, size 2 direction
Robinson
area,
general
·
· oral shape appears more like a
use
all slightly disorted
globe