AP world history
, AMSCO
(1200 1450) -
1.
Developments in East Asia
China very wealthy , pol Stability & intellectual &
·
,
artistic achievements Confucian teaching central to gor & Shaping of social classes & fam
M prod -
>
·
expanded thru coal-powered machinery to centralized govs
Governments in the Song Dynasty
·
The Song Dynasty began 960 & lasted 1279
(Previous Dynasty] t
& captured
parts
see
song ruled smaller land than Tang bes pastoralists in Manchuria invaded Northern
·
-
Buraucracy and Meritocracy
[
ji
·
Chinese imperial bureaucracy org where officials carried gor
out policies -
Ongoing feature from Qing Dynasty
under Song ,
China Bureaucracy expanded a positions && Emperor SongTaisu expanded edu to lower class men so
they could pass civi
officials got pos by showing merit on test -
> China's bureaucratic system called
·
meritocracy
allowed for -> became so
·
mobility large it led to Empires Weakness
ppI got paid a lot -
> inc Costs of gou - dried up China's Wealth
=
.
Economic Developments in Postclassical China
·
Tang Dynasty & agridev , improved roads & canals , encouraged foreign trade & spread tech - prosperity of Song Dynasty
expanding Grand Canal under song allowed China to become the most populous trading
·
area
1) Gunpowder
·
invented before but ppl in Song made first guns -
> spread to all parts of Eurasia on Silk Road
2) Agricultural Productivity
·
champarice -
drought-resistant from Vietnam expanded agri prod > Vice could
- grow places it couldn't before : lowlands, hills & allowed farmers to grow I rice
put manure soil enrich it , built irrigation systems w/ditches pumps & terraces to inc Prod & heavy plows pulled by buffalos let use unusable land
·
on to , . water
·
inc in food -
> pop grew quickly [Scent of Song Dynasty rule 25%. Of total World pop e 40% )
thered
.
ealsostengines
3) Manufacturing & Trade
discovery & Hr Steel -
> bridges ships & used /Buddhist
·
of coal -
> mass prod of cast iron goods took carbon out - reinforced , to make religious items
figurines)
under Song experienced proto industrialization set of
Changes where rural ppl made more goods than they could sell
·
-
economic
·
relied on home-based Prod w/ simple equipment -
artisans made steel under supervision also made porcelain & Silk tranded thou sea
·
dev compasse maritime nav &* Ship capacity for goods , made paper nav charts
·
became worlds most commercialized society -
local consumption -
> Market Consumption & Grand Canal supported internal trade & naval tech
allowed China to
4) taxes control South China ,a
·
↓ ppl labor for you & Paid ppl for Public proj - ↑ Money circulation &> promoted eco growth
5) tributes
·
other states had to pay $$ Or goods to honor Chinese emperor e cemented eco &Pol power over foreign countries & stimulated trade for all parties
·
started Han Dynasty & by Song , Japan, Korea, & places in SEA were tributary states
expected reps from tributary to perform kowtowe greet bowing head till it reached floor
·
states emperor by
·
sent out fleets led by zhenghe to show power of emperorere get tributes
, AMSCO
1.
Developments in East Asia
Social structures in China
Song Dynasty moved to urban centers + most urbanized land
·
og ppl lived in rural areas - height of
Port
Guangzhou
·
City cosmopolitan metropolise -
active center of commerce w/
many entertainment options
New social class ab
~ landownerswh
·
bureaucratic expansion -> new social class Scholar gentry
-
Outnumbered avistocracy
1) scholar gentry
below 2) farmers
E
edu in Confucian
philosophy & most influential Social class -
> 3 classes
·
23) Artisans
Song you provided
·
aid to poor & established free public hospitals 4) craftsment merchants
5)Peasants
Role of Women
·
respected women but expected they would defer to men
·
patriarchal pattern strengthened in Tang & Song Dynasty
·
foot binding common amongst aristocratic > bound foot signified social status
fams -
·
restricted womens ability to more- lack participation in public sphere
Intellectual and Cultural Developments
2) paper I printing
invented paper 2nd Cent & Printing 7th cent-first culture to Buddhist scripture
printing which was
·
use woodblock a
·
in Song , Printed farming booklets were distributed in rice-growing regions
2) Reading and Poetry
·
dev of paper & printing >
- availability of books & Confucian Scholars were major producers of lit
·
most peasants illiterate -
China privileged class & access to lit
·
Tang & Song emphasis on schooling - gens of well-rounded scholar-bureaucrats
Religious Diversity In China
·
Buddhism came to China from India thi Silk Roads -
Presence in Ar Han2 Sui dynasty but more pop during tang bes of Buddhist Monk Yuanzang
Buddhism and Taoism
·
3 predominant forms of Buddhism : Theravada, Mahayana & Tibetan
, Buddhism
· all believe in the 4 Noble Truths -
Personal Suffering can be relieved by removing desires & by following Buddhist precepts
· all embrace 8-fold path -
the precepts lead to enlightenment or Nirvana
[the way]
·
intro buddhism by relating it to Taoist Principles >
- Buddism's idea of dharma translated as dao >
- Syncretic faith Chan Buddhism/Zen Buddhism
·
like taoism , zen Buddhism emphasized direct experience & meditation opposed to formal learning
Buddhism
pop
·
bas of fusion w/ Chinese beliefs Buddhism very pop & Monasteries -
where monks lived -
appeared everywhere
-
charmained
·
monasteries problem for Tang bureaucracy -
> leaders didn't accept that a foreign religion would be > made Daoists
prominent inSociety - & Confucians jealors
Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism
·
Song more friendly to Buddhism but didn't promote it -
emphasized Confucianism & many Confucianists adopted Buddhist ideals into daily life maintaina
-
allowed emperors
·
dev of printing - widely available Buddhist Scriptures to Confucian Scholar & used ideas of Confucianism to maintain filial > duty of fam
piety - members
to
followneedsof maleeuler
, AMSCO
1.
Developments in East Asia
·
another syncretic faith , neo-Confucianism focused on Social & ethical Philosophy not religious belief
· combined rational thought w/ abstract ideas of Taoism & Buddhism
·
became very pop in Korea , Japan & Vietnam
Japan , Kored , and Vietnam
each country benefitted from being neighbors w/ China but faced challenge w/ maintaining distinctive culture
·
Japan
·
separated from China by Sea > more
-
ability to control interactions than Korea & Vietnam
·
Japan's Prince Shotoku Taishi Promoted buddhism & Confucianism alongside Japans traditional Shinto religion
·
learned how to woodblock print from China
·
Heian period -
Japan Copied Chinese Pol , ar t & lit
·
also moved in diff directions, Japanese writer wrote the first novel
·
Japan differed w/ how it was governed
2)China: ruled by emperor who oversaw Civilian bureaucracy -
>
Strong central gov >
-
promoted trade & Peace
2)Japan : Heian Court deal. clans fought for power -
clans powerful bes they had lots of land & Japan was an agri society
·
Minamoto clan became dominant >
-
installed Shogun (military ruler) to
reign -
emperor had little power /shogun ruled on his behalf)
·
remained under military rule & regional clans held power -
only 1600 Shoguns Create Strong Central gov
Kored
·
direct relationship w/China bas shared land boundary & close contact this tributary relationship
Similarities differences
Politics & landed aristocracy
·
Culture ·
more powerful in Korea
·
centralized gov in same style ·
Korean elite able
to prevent stime Chinese
·
Confucian & Buddhist beliefs
Reforms from happening
KoreanCivil Service exam
&
elited & peasant
·
·
not open to peasants
·
edu masses
· no truly merit-based
system for
entering
Chinese writing system breaucracy
·
· Itr der its own writing
Vietnam
T
·
adopted Chinese writing & architectural Styles - had more adversarial relationship w/ China
E
2) Gender & Social Structure for Vietnam
a
·
Vietnamese women had greater indy in married lives than Chinese women in Confucian tradition
Po
centratio
·
Chinese favored extended fams -
Vietnamese favored Nuclear fams (Wife , Lub & Kids) & Vietnamese Villages operated indy from gor
·
adopted merit-based bureaucracy but Vietnamese system didn't function like Chinese
·
instead of loyalty to emperor they alleged to Village peasants -
Vietnamese scholar officials revolted against you if thought too oppressive
·
Vietnamese women resented inferior status under Chinese & Confucian Practice of
Polygyny-having multiple wives
, AMSCO
(1200 1450) -
1.
Developments in East Asia
China very wealthy , pol Stability & intellectual &
·
,
artistic achievements Confucian teaching central to gor & Shaping of social classes & fam
M prod -
>
·
expanded thru coal-powered machinery to centralized govs
Governments in the Song Dynasty
·
The Song Dynasty began 960 & lasted 1279
(Previous Dynasty] t
& captured
parts
see
song ruled smaller land than Tang bes pastoralists in Manchuria invaded Northern
·
-
Buraucracy and Meritocracy
[
ji
·
Chinese imperial bureaucracy org where officials carried gor
out policies -
Ongoing feature from Qing Dynasty
under Song ,
China Bureaucracy expanded a positions && Emperor SongTaisu expanded edu to lower class men so
they could pass civi
officials got pos by showing merit on test -
> China's bureaucratic system called
·
meritocracy
allowed for -> became so
·
mobility large it led to Empires Weakness
ppI got paid a lot -
> inc Costs of gou - dried up China's Wealth
=
.
Economic Developments in Postclassical China
·
Tang Dynasty & agridev , improved roads & canals , encouraged foreign trade & spread tech - prosperity of Song Dynasty
expanding Grand Canal under song allowed China to become the most populous trading
·
area
1) Gunpowder
·
invented before but ppl in Song made first guns -
> spread to all parts of Eurasia on Silk Road
2) Agricultural Productivity
·
champarice -
drought-resistant from Vietnam expanded agri prod > Vice could
- grow places it couldn't before : lowlands, hills & allowed farmers to grow I rice
put manure soil enrich it , built irrigation systems w/ditches pumps & terraces to inc Prod & heavy plows pulled by buffalos let use unusable land
·
on to , . water
·
inc in food -
> pop grew quickly [Scent of Song Dynasty rule 25%. Of total World pop e 40% )
thered
.
ealsostengines
3) Manufacturing & Trade
discovery & Hr Steel -
> bridges ships & used /Buddhist
·
of coal -
> mass prod of cast iron goods took carbon out - reinforced , to make religious items
figurines)
under Song experienced proto industrialization set of
Changes where rural ppl made more goods than they could sell
·
-
economic
·
relied on home-based Prod w/ simple equipment -
artisans made steel under supervision also made porcelain & Silk tranded thou sea
·
dev compasse maritime nav &* Ship capacity for goods , made paper nav charts
·
became worlds most commercialized society -
local consumption -
> Market Consumption & Grand Canal supported internal trade & naval tech
allowed China to
4) taxes control South China ,a
·
↓ ppl labor for you & Paid ppl for Public proj - ↑ Money circulation &> promoted eco growth
5) tributes
·
other states had to pay $$ Or goods to honor Chinese emperor e cemented eco &Pol power over foreign countries & stimulated trade for all parties
·
started Han Dynasty & by Song , Japan, Korea, & places in SEA were tributary states
expected reps from tributary to perform kowtowe greet bowing head till it reached floor
·
states emperor by
·
sent out fleets led by zhenghe to show power of emperorere get tributes
, AMSCO
1.
Developments in East Asia
Social structures in China
Song Dynasty moved to urban centers + most urbanized land
·
og ppl lived in rural areas - height of
Port
Guangzhou
·
City cosmopolitan metropolise -
active center of commerce w/
many entertainment options
New social class ab
~ landownerswh
·
bureaucratic expansion -> new social class Scholar gentry
-
Outnumbered avistocracy
1) scholar gentry
below 2) farmers
E
edu in Confucian
philosophy & most influential Social class -
> 3 classes
·
23) Artisans
Song you provided
·
aid to poor & established free public hospitals 4) craftsment merchants
5)Peasants
Role of Women
·
respected women but expected they would defer to men
·
patriarchal pattern strengthened in Tang & Song Dynasty
·
foot binding common amongst aristocratic > bound foot signified social status
fams -
·
restricted womens ability to more- lack participation in public sphere
Intellectual and Cultural Developments
2) paper I printing
invented paper 2nd Cent & Printing 7th cent-first culture to Buddhist scripture
printing which was
·
use woodblock a
·
in Song , Printed farming booklets were distributed in rice-growing regions
2) Reading and Poetry
·
dev of paper & printing >
- availability of books & Confucian Scholars were major producers of lit
·
most peasants illiterate -
China privileged class & access to lit
·
Tang & Song emphasis on schooling - gens of well-rounded scholar-bureaucrats
Religious Diversity In China
·
Buddhism came to China from India thi Silk Roads -
Presence in Ar Han2 Sui dynasty but more pop during tang bes of Buddhist Monk Yuanzang
Buddhism and Taoism
·
3 predominant forms of Buddhism : Theravada, Mahayana & Tibetan
, Buddhism
· all believe in the 4 Noble Truths -
Personal Suffering can be relieved by removing desires & by following Buddhist precepts
· all embrace 8-fold path -
the precepts lead to enlightenment or Nirvana
[the way]
·
intro buddhism by relating it to Taoist Principles >
- Buddism's idea of dharma translated as dao >
- Syncretic faith Chan Buddhism/Zen Buddhism
·
like taoism , zen Buddhism emphasized direct experience & meditation opposed to formal learning
Buddhism
pop
·
bas of fusion w/ Chinese beliefs Buddhism very pop & Monasteries -
where monks lived -
appeared everywhere
-
charmained
·
monasteries problem for Tang bureaucracy -
> leaders didn't accept that a foreign religion would be > made Daoists
prominent inSociety - & Confucians jealors
Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism
·
Song more friendly to Buddhism but didn't promote it -
emphasized Confucianism & many Confucianists adopted Buddhist ideals into daily life maintaina
-
allowed emperors
·
dev of printing - widely available Buddhist Scriptures to Confucian Scholar & used ideas of Confucianism to maintain filial > duty of fam
piety - members
to
followneedsof maleeuler
, AMSCO
1.
Developments in East Asia
·
another syncretic faith , neo-Confucianism focused on Social & ethical Philosophy not religious belief
· combined rational thought w/ abstract ideas of Taoism & Buddhism
·
became very pop in Korea , Japan & Vietnam
Japan , Kored , and Vietnam
each country benefitted from being neighbors w/ China but faced challenge w/ maintaining distinctive culture
·
Japan
·
separated from China by Sea > more
-
ability to control interactions than Korea & Vietnam
·
Japan's Prince Shotoku Taishi Promoted buddhism & Confucianism alongside Japans traditional Shinto religion
·
learned how to woodblock print from China
·
Heian period -
Japan Copied Chinese Pol , ar t & lit
·
also moved in diff directions, Japanese writer wrote the first novel
·
Japan differed w/ how it was governed
2)China: ruled by emperor who oversaw Civilian bureaucracy -
>
Strong central gov >
-
promoted trade & Peace
2)Japan : Heian Court deal. clans fought for power -
clans powerful bes they had lots of land & Japan was an agri society
·
Minamoto clan became dominant >
-
installed Shogun (military ruler) to
reign -
emperor had little power /shogun ruled on his behalf)
·
remained under military rule & regional clans held power -
only 1600 Shoguns Create Strong Central gov
Kored
·
direct relationship w/China bas shared land boundary & close contact this tributary relationship
Similarities differences
Politics & landed aristocracy
·
Culture ·
more powerful in Korea
·
centralized gov in same style ·
Korean elite able
to prevent stime Chinese
·
Confucian & Buddhist beliefs
Reforms from happening
KoreanCivil Service exam
&
elited & peasant
·
·
not open to peasants
·
edu masses
· no truly merit-based
system for
entering
Chinese writing system breaucracy
·
· Itr der its own writing
Vietnam
T
·
adopted Chinese writing & architectural Styles - had more adversarial relationship w/ China
E
2) Gender & Social Structure for Vietnam
a
·
Vietnamese women had greater indy in married lives than Chinese women in Confucian tradition
Po
centratio
·
Chinese favored extended fams -
Vietnamese favored Nuclear fams (Wife , Lub & Kids) & Vietnamese Villages operated indy from gor
·
adopted merit-based bureaucracy but Vietnamese system didn't function like Chinese
·
instead of loyalty to emperor they alleged to Village peasants -
Vietnamese scholar officials revolted against you if thought too oppressive
·
Vietnamese women resented inferior status under Chinese & Confucian Practice of
Polygyny-having multiple wives
