bio 250 final UPDATED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - The body's ability to maintain a stable internal
environment (temperature, pH, fluid balance, etc.) despite external changes.
mechanisms that maintain homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensors (receptors), a
control center (usually the brain), and effectors (muscles/glands) that restore balance.
example of homeostasis in action - CORRECT ANSWER - Regulation of body
temperature—if you get too hot, you sweat; if you get too cold, you shiver.
negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - A process in which a change in a variable
triggers a response that counteracts the initial change, returning the variable to its set point.
example of negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood glucose regulation—high
blood sugar triggers insulin release, lowering blood sugar back to normal.
anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER - Standing upright, facing forward, arms at
sides, palms forward, feet together.
importance of anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER - It provides a consistent frame
of reference for anatomical terminology.
anatomical regions - CORRECT ANSWER - Head, neck, trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs.
superior - CORRECT ANSWER - Above; toward the head.
inferior - CORRECT ANSWER - Below; toward the feet.
,anterior - CORRECT ANSWER - Front of the body.
posterior - CORRECT ANSWER - Back of the body.
medial - CORRECT ANSWER - Toward the midline of the body.
lateral - CORRECT ANSWER - Away from the midline of the body.
proximal - CORRECT ANSWER - Closer to the trunk or point of origin.
distal - CORRECT ANSWER - Farther from the trunk or point of origin.
superficial - CORRECT ANSWER - Near the surface of the body.
deep - CORRECT ANSWER - Far from the surface of the body.
sagittal plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Divides the body into left and right portions.
coronal (frontal) plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Divides the body into anterior (front) and
posterior (back) portions.
transverse plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Divides the body into superior (upper) and
inferior (lower) portions.
dorsal cavity - CORRECT ANSWER - Cranial cavity (brain), vertebral cavity (spinal
cord).
, ventral cavity - CORRECT ANSWER - Thoracic cavity (heart, lungs), abdominopelvic
cavity (stomach, liver, intestines, kidneys, bladder, reproductive organs).
epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Covers surfaces, lines cavities, forms glands;
functions include protection, absorption, secretion.
connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Supports, binds, protects; includes bone,
cartilage, blood, adipose.
muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Responsible for movement; includes skeletal,
cardiac, and smooth muscle.
nervous tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Conducts impulses; includes neurons and
neuroglia.
subtypes of connective tissue proper - CORRECT ANSWER - Areolar, adipose, reticular
(loose); dense regular, dense irregular, elastic (dense).
subtypes of supporting connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Cartilage (hyaline,
elastic, fibrocartilage) and bone.
subtypes of fluid connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood and lymph.
mucous membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - Lines cavities open to the exterior, such as
digestive and respiratory tracts.
serous membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - Lines closed cavities, such as pleura,
pericardium, and peritoneum.
cutaneous membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - membrane around the skin
and CORRECT Answers
homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - The body's ability to maintain a stable internal
environment (temperature, pH, fluid balance, etc.) despite external changes.
mechanisms that maintain homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensors (receptors), a
control center (usually the brain), and effectors (muscles/glands) that restore balance.
example of homeostasis in action - CORRECT ANSWER - Regulation of body
temperature—if you get too hot, you sweat; if you get too cold, you shiver.
negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - A process in which a change in a variable
triggers a response that counteracts the initial change, returning the variable to its set point.
example of negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood glucose regulation—high
blood sugar triggers insulin release, lowering blood sugar back to normal.
anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER - Standing upright, facing forward, arms at
sides, palms forward, feet together.
importance of anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER - It provides a consistent frame
of reference for anatomical terminology.
anatomical regions - CORRECT ANSWER - Head, neck, trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs.
superior - CORRECT ANSWER - Above; toward the head.
inferior - CORRECT ANSWER - Below; toward the feet.
,anterior - CORRECT ANSWER - Front of the body.
posterior - CORRECT ANSWER - Back of the body.
medial - CORRECT ANSWER - Toward the midline of the body.
lateral - CORRECT ANSWER - Away from the midline of the body.
proximal - CORRECT ANSWER - Closer to the trunk or point of origin.
distal - CORRECT ANSWER - Farther from the trunk or point of origin.
superficial - CORRECT ANSWER - Near the surface of the body.
deep - CORRECT ANSWER - Far from the surface of the body.
sagittal plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Divides the body into left and right portions.
coronal (frontal) plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Divides the body into anterior (front) and
posterior (back) portions.
transverse plane - CORRECT ANSWER - Divides the body into superior (upper) and
inferior (lower) portions.
dorsal cavity - CORRECT ANSWER - Cranial cavity (brain), vertebral cavity (spinal
cord).
, ventral cavity - CORRECT ANSWER - Thoracic cavity (heart, lungs), abdominopelvic
cavity (stomach, liver, intestines, kidneys, bladder, reproductive organs).
epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Covers surfaces, lines cavities, forms glands;
functions include protection, absorption, secretion.
connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Supports, binds, protects; includes bone,
cartilage, blood, adipose.
muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Responsible for movement; includes skeletal,
cardiac, and smooth muscle.
nervous tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Conducts impulses; includes neurons and
neuroglia.
subtypes of connective tissue proper - CORRECT ANSWER - Areolar, adipose, reticular
(loose); dense regular, dense irregular, elastic (dense).
subtypes of supporting connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Cartilage (hyaline,
elastic, fibrocartilage) and bone.
subtypes of fluid connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood and lymph.
mucous membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - Lines cavities open to the exterior, such as
digestive and respiratory tracts.
serous membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - Lines closed cavities, such as pleura,
pericardium, and peritoneum.
cutaneous membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - membrane around the skin
