BIO 669 Pulmonary UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
_____________ is the subjective sensation fo uncomfortable breathing.
_____________ is r/t HF and puts more pressure on the diaphragm leading to dyspnea when
lying down.
_____________ _____________ _____________: leads to waking up at night gasping for air,
could be pulmonary or cardiac that leads to this. - CORRECT ANSWER - dyspnea
orthopnea
PND
The acute cough is 2-3 weeks, and chronic cough is long term, most commonly assoc with
_____________ _____________ and can start to cause respiratory changes such as
_____________ _____________, damage to respiratory tract d/t smoke inhalation, assume
_____________ or chronic cough as a result of smoking , but need to r/o _____________
_____________ and non-smoker's cough d/t URI, CHF, pneumonia, paroxysmal nocturnal
dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER - smoker's cough
cilliary paralysis
bronchitis
lung cancer
_____________: coughing up blood, burst aneurysm, somehow blood is making way into
airways. - CORRECT ANSWER - hemoptysis
_____________ _____________: large tidal volume, breathing deeply and not pausing in
between deep breaths, slight inc rate.
_____________ _____________: alternating shallow and deep breathing, if shallow,
progressively deepens, reach a crescendo, then become more shallow until the person develops
_____________, then becomes shallow, then repeats resulting in _____________
_____________. - CORRECT ANSWER - Kussmaul respirations
Cheyne-stokes respirations
apnea
,brainstem hypoxia
_____________ dec ventilation leading to CO2 buildup
_____________- CO2 retention - CORRECT ANSWER - hypoventilation
hypercapnia
_____________: inc in ventilation, remove CO2 faster than you're making it so have
_____________, r/t _____________ more than gas exchange. - CORRECT ANSWER -
hyperventilation
hypocapnia
ventilation
_____________: not a great indicator of perfusion or O2 delivery.
_____________ cyanosis: throughout body, dec arterial oxygenation
_____________ cyanosis: localized and d/t poor circulation - CORRECT ANSWER -
cyanosis
central
peripheral
_____________: chronic hypoxemia indicator, if you have pulmonary _____________, can lead
to chronic hypoxemia, and its thought that the _____________ become dislodged within the
fingertips and lead to the release of platelet derived _____________ factors leading to
remodeling of finger tips. - CORRECT ANSWER - clubbing
fibrosis
platelets
growth
_____________ is a ventilation problem d/t a dec drive to breathe or dec ability to ventilate. -
CORRECT ANSWER - hypercapnia
, _____________ is low O2 levels in the arterial blood.
_____________ is a dec oxygenation in the tissues like d/t increasing local metabolic demand,
exceeding the supply provided by the arteries. - CORRECT ANSWER - hypoxemia-low
blood O2
hypoxia: low oxygen in the tissues
_____________/_____________ abnormalities: The body tries to be efficient in terms of
supplying well ventilated alveoli with high amounts of _____________, so they can become
_____________ and drop off _____________, if the alveoli is less oxygenated or has a CO2
buildup, it will have airway changes that facilitate ____ _____________ to that alveolar group or
ascini. - CORRECT ANSWER - ventilation/perfusion
blood
oxygenated and drop off Co2
inc ventilation
_____________ is the entire respiratory unit within the alveolus of respiratory bronchioles and
alveolar ducts that are the combination of the unit. - CORRECT ANSWER - ascini
If the ascini start to have stale air, dec oxygen and inc Co2, _____________ will not be sent
there bc it won't be beneficial in the oxygenation, dropping off Co2 process, so the local
response right before that capillary, will be to _____________ and prevent the blood to that stale
air alveolus, and will _____________ to another area. - CORRECT ANSWER - blood
vasoconstrict
shunt
If there is a widespread lack of ventilation, and there is no place to shunt the blood to that would
get better ventilation or perfusion, will get _____________ to _____________ shunting, leading
to _____________ oxygenation and _____________ Co2 retention, and lead to _____________
blood going back into the systemic circulation, bc there is no good place to shunt the blood to. -
CORRECT ANSWER - R to L shunting, dec oxygenation, inc Co2 retention
deoxygenated
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
_____________ is the subjective sensation fo uncomfortable breathing.
_____________ is r/t HF and puts more pressure on the diaphragm leading to dyspnea when
lying down.
_____________ _____________ _____________: leads to waking up at night gasping for air,
could be pulmonary or cardiac that leads to this. - CORRECT ANSWER - dyspnea
orthopnea
PND
The acute cough is 2-3 weeks, and chronic cough is long term, most commonly assoc with
_____________ _____________ and can start to cause respiratory changes such as
_____________ _____________, damage to respiratory tract d/t smoke inhalation, assume
_____________ or chronic cough as a result of smoking , but need to r/o _____________
_____________ and non-smoker's cough d/t URI, CHF, pneumonia, paroxysmal nocturnal
dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER - smoker's cough
cilliary paralysis
bronchitis
lung cancer
_____________: coughing up blood, burst aneurysm, somehow blood is making way into
airways. - CORRECT ANSWER - hemoptysis
_____________ _____________: large tidal volume, breathing deeply and not pausing in
between deep breaths, slight inc rate.
_____________ _____________: alternating shallow and deep breathing, if shallow,
progressively deepens, reach a crescendo, then become more shallow until the person develops
_____________, then becomes shallow, then repeats resulting in _____________
_____________. - CORRECT ANSWER - Kussmaul respirations
Cheyne-stokes respirations
apnea
,brainstem hypoxia
_____________ dec ventilation leading to CO2 buildup
_____________- CO2 retention - CORRECT ANSWER - hypoventilation
hypercapnia
_____________: inc in ventilation, remove CO2 faster than you're making it so have
_____________, r/t _____________ more than gas exchange. - CORRECT ANSWER -
hyperventilation
hypocapnia
ventilation
_____________: not a great indicator of perfusion or O2 delivery.
_____________ cyanosis: throughout body, dec arterial oxygenation
_____________ cyanosis: localized and d/t poor circulation - CORRECT ANSWER -
cyanosis
central
peripheral
_____________: chronic hypoxemia indicator, if you have pulmonary _____________, can lead
to chronic hypoxemia, and its thought that the _____________ become dislodged within the
fingertips and lead to the release of platelet derived _____________ factors leading to
remodeling of finger tips. - CORRECT ANSWER - clubbing
fibrosis
platelets
growth
_____________ is a ventilation problem d/t a dec drive to breathe or dec ability to ventilate. -
CORRECT ANSWER - hypercapnia
, _____________ is low O2 levels in the arterial blood.
_____________ is a dec oxygenation in the tissues like d/t increasing local metabolic demand,
exceeding the supply provided by the arteries. - CORRECT ANSWER - hypoxemia-low
blood O2
hypoxia: low oxygen in the tissues
_____________/_____________ abnormalities: The body tries to be efficient in terms of
supplying well ventilated alveoli with high amounts of _____________, so they can become
_____________ and drop off _____________, if the alveoli is less oxygenated or has a CO2
buildup, it will have airway changes that facilitate ____ _____________ to that alveolar group or
ascini. - CORRECT ANSWER - ventilation/perfusion
blood
oxygenated and drop off Co2
inc ventilation
_____________ is the entire respiratory unit within the alveolus of respiratory bronchioles and
alveolar ducts that are the combination of the unit. - CORRECT ANSWER - ascini
If the ascini start to have stale air, dec oxygen and inc Co2, _____________ will not be sent
there bc it won't be beneficial in the oxygenation, dropping off Co2 process, so the local
response right before that capillary, will be to _____________ and prevent the blood to that stale
air alveolus, and will _____________ to another area. - CORRECT ANSWER - blood
vasoconstrict
shunt
If there is a widespread lack of ventilation, and there is no place to shunt the blood to that would
get better ventilation or perfusion, will get _____________ to _____________ shunting, leading
to _____________ oxygenation and _____________ Co2 retention, and lead to _____________
blood going back into the systemic circulation, bc there is no good place to shunt the blood to. -
CORRECT ANSWER - R to L shunting, dec oxygenation, inc Co2 retention
deoxygenated
