BIO 669—RENAL UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. The sodium (Na+) sensing cells in the distal tubules are the: - CORRECT ANSWER -
macula densa
2. Vitamin D is essential for: - CORRECT ANSWER - The absorption of Ca++ and
phosphate from the GI tract
3. The renal blood flow, and thus GFR, are kept relatively constant by____. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Myogenic (Intrinsic) autoregulation
4. The biggest stimulus (driver) of renin release is: - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreased
Na+ concentration in the distal tubules
5. The most common organism causing urinary tract infection is: - CORRECT ANSWER -
E. coli
6. Acute cystitis is best described as: - CORRECT ANSWER - Inflammation of the
bladder presenting with frequency, dysuria and lower abdominaland/or suprapubic, low back
pain
7. An increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) stimulates which of the following? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Increased water excretion in the urine
8. A patient presents with flank pain and anuria followed by polyuria after
undergoingcatheterization of the ureters. What is the most likely cause of this condition? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Postrenal acute renal failure
9. The modified smooth muscle that secrete renin are the - CORRECT ANSWER -
Juxtaglomerular cells
, 10. Antidiuretic hormone works by - CORRECT ANSWER - Incorporating aquaporins
into the distal tubule and collecting ducts, making thempermeable to water
11. Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces due to upper urinary obstruction would bestbe
termed a(n)? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hydronephrosis
12. Which of the following is a symptom of chronic kidney disease - CORRECT
ANSWER - Hypocalcemia
13. Which of the following would be expected to trigger a decrease in the secretion of ADH? -
CORRECT ANSWER - ingestion of a large amount of pure water
14. What is the role of erythropoietin released by the kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER - It
stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
15. The pyramids contain the collecting ducts that drain through the papilla and are collected by
the: - CORRECT ANSWER - Calyx (calyses)
16. Because sweat is essentially a salt solution with an osmolarity lower than that of
plasma,severe sweating leads to a reduction in plasma volume and an increase in
plasmaosmolarity. How do these changes affect the secretion of ADH? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Both the decrease in plasma volume and the increase in plasma osmolarity
stimulate ADH secretion
17. Glucose reabsorption occurs primarily in the - CORRECT ANSWER - Proximal
convoluted tubule
18. Aldosterone, upon secretion by the adrenal cortex, will have what effect on solutemovement
in the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWER - K+ loss to the urine, Na+ retention in the plasma
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. The sodium (Na+) sensing cells in the distal tubules are the: - CORRECT ANSWER -
macula densa
2. Vitamin D is essential for: - CORRECT ANSWER - The absorption of Ca++ and
phosphate from the GI tract
3. The renal blood flow, and thus GFR, are kept relatively constant by____. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Myogenic (Intrinsic) autoregulation
4. The biggest stimulus (driver) of renin release is: - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreased
Na+ concentration in the distal tubules
5. The most common organism causing urinary tract infection is: - CORRECT ANSWER -
E. coli
6. Acute cystitis is best described as: - CORRECT ANSWER - Inflammation of the
bladder presenting with frequency, dysuria and lower abdominaland/or suprapubic, low back
pain
7. An increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) stimulates which of the following? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Increased water excretion in the urine
8. A patient presents with flank pain and anuria followed by polyuria after
undergoingcatheterization of the ureters. What is the most likely cause of this condition? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Postrenal acute renal failure
9. The modified smooth muscle that secrete renin are the - CORRECT ANSWER -
Juxtaglomerular cells
, 10. Antidiuretic hormone works by - CORRECT ANSWER - Incorporating aquaporins
into the distal tubule and collecting ducts, making thempermeable to water
11. Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces due to upper urinary obstruction would bestbe
termed a(n)? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hydronephrosis
12. Which of the following is a symptom of chronic kidney disease - CORRECT
ANSWER - Hypocalcemia
13. Which of the following would be expected to trigger a decrease in the secretion of ADH? -
CORRECT ANSWER - ingestion of a large amount of pure water
14. What is the role of erythropoietin released by the kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER - It
stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
15. The pyramids contain the collecting ducts that drain through the papilla and are collected by
the: - CORRECT ANSWER - Calyx (calyses)
16. Because sweat is essentially a salt solution with an osmolarity lower than that of
plasma,severe sweating leads to a reduction in plasma volume and an increase in
plasmaosmolarity. How do these changes affect the secretion of ADH? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Both the decrease in plasma volume and the increase in plasma osmolarity
stimulate ADH secretion
17. Glucose reabsorption occurs primarily in the - CORRECT ANSWER - Proximal
convoluted tubule
18. Aldosterone, upon secretion by the adrenal cortex, will have what effect on solutemovement
in the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWER - K+ loss to the urine, Na+ retention in the plasma
