Psych 464 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
. What are the four major risk factors for diseases of the
cardiovascular system? Correct Answers Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
Unhealthy diet
High intake of alcohol
5. How did purpose in life impact the relationship between brain
pathology and cognitive function?
Boyle et al., (2012) Effect of Purpose in life on relation between
Alzheimer disease pathological changes on cognitive function in
advanced age. Correct Answers Key finding→ greater purpose
in life is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease
(and reduced impact of high levels of plaques and brain damage
on cognitive functioning--didn't experience symptoms of
alzheimer's even though had biological evidence)
Accommodation. (piaget) Correct Answers When you change
your schemas in response to new info about world
According to findings from MIDUS, how is generativity
conceptualized? Did males or females score higher on
generativity? Which age group and education group showed the
highest levels of generativity? Is this consistent with Erikson's
model? Correct Answers Generativity: concern for guiding
and directing next generation
People come to you for advise, you like teaching
Females scored higher
55-64 tends to score highest
,Consistent with erikson's model
Are claims made by T.A. sciences accurate and well-supported?
Correct Answers Can fight telomere shortening with diet and
exercise, but only up to a point
Company advertised supplement that can increase length
Not reliable--not enough scientific evidence, limited clinical trial
evidence, very expensive, website says "may"
Are commercial treatments for andropause safe and effective?
Correct Answers Mixed success, side effects, exercise can
compensate
Are commercial treatments for somatopause safe and effective?
Correct Answers Not scientifically supported
Assimilation (piaget) Correct Answers People use their
existing schemas as a way to understand the world around them;
change perception of culture to fit their own way of
understanding it
At what age groups are educational differences in morality most
pronounced? Correct Answers most prominent from age 65-74
(some difference 55-64)
Briefly describe the process of aging according to the telomere
theory. Correct Answers Aging is caused by loss of telomeres
from ends of chromosomes
Finite number of times cells can divide, with each division more
of telomere is lost, once shorten to point of no longer being able
,to protect the chromosome, adjacent chromosomes fuse, the cell
cycle stops, and the cell dies
Can random error theories be integrated with programmed aging
theories? Why or why not? Correct Answers Ret: based on
assumption that aging reflects unplanned changes in an
organism over time
Pat: suggest that not build to last but rather meant to deteriorate
over time in systematic fashion
Case study Correct Answers --summarizes the findings from
multiple sources for those individuals
Chiang et al. (2018). Midlife self-reported social support as a
buffer against premature mortality risks associated with
childhood abuse.
1. What was the authors primary study design? Experimental or
correlational? Correct Answers correlational
Compare an experimental with a quasi-experimental design.
Which type of design is used in studies on aging? Correct
Answers Quasi: researchers compare groups on predetermined
characteristics
Compare the two models of changes in the central nervous
system. What are the proposed effects of aging? What research
supports these models and what are the strengths/limitation of
this evidence? Correct Answers Neuronal fallout
Proposed effects of aging: losses occur in numbers of neurons
and synapses
, Relevant research: decreases in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus,
increases in white matter hyperintensities
Plasticity model
Proposed effects of aging: Continued growth through dendritic
elaboration (not actually new neurons but more dendrites)
Relevant research: Diet and exercise preserve brain function and
cognition
Contrast the neuronal fallout and plasticity models of the aging
nervous system. Correct Answers Nf: hypothesis that
individuals progressively lose brain tissue over life span because
neurons do not have ability to replace themselves when die;
losses occur in numbers of neurons and synapses
P: continued growth through dendritic elaboration
Define a longitudinal and a cross-sectional design. Compare two
advantages and two disadvantages of each. Correct Answers
Longitudinal: people are followed repeatedly from one test
occasion to another
Advantages: gives better picture of development
Disadvantages: costly, time-consuming
Cross sectional: researchers compare groups of people ith
different ages at one point in time
Advantages: quick data collection, speed/economy
Disadvantages: age effects are confounded with cohort effects
(difference could be due to experiences of generation)
Define age, cohort, and time of measurement. What is each
variable intended to represent? Correct Answers Age: how
many years person has lived--change within individual
. What are the four major risk factors for diseases of the
cardiovascular system? Correct Answers Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
Unhealthy diet
High intake of alcohol
5. How did purpose in life impact the relationship between brain
pathology and cognitive function?
Boyle et al., (2012) Effect of Purpose in life on relation between
Alzheimer disease pathological changes on cognitive function in
advanced age. Correct Answers Key finding→ greater purpose
in life is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease
(and reduced impact of high levels of plaques and brain damage
on cognitive functioning--didn't experience symptoms of
alzheimer's even though had biological evidence)
Accommodation. (piaget) Correct Answers When you change
your schemas in response to new info about world
According to findings from MIDUS, how is generativity
conceptualized? Did males or females score higher on
generativity? Which age group and education group showed the
highest levels of generativity? Is this consistent with Erikson's
model? Correct Answers Generativity: concern for guiding
and directing next generation
People come to you for advise, you like teaching
Females scored higher
55-64 tends to score highest
,Consistent with erikson's model
Are claims made by T.A. sciences accurate and well-supported?
Correct Answers Can fight telomere shortening with diet and
exercise, but only up to a point
Company advertised supplement that can increase length
Not reliable--not enough scientific evidence, limited clinical trial
evidence, very expensive, website says "may"
Are commercial treatments for andropause safe and effective?
Correct Answers Mixed success, side effects, exercise can
compensate
Are commercial treatments for somatopause safe and effective?
Correct Answers Not scientifically supported
Assimilation (piaget) Correct Answers People use their
existing schemas as a way to understand the world around them;
change perception of culture to fit their own way of
understanding it
At what age groups are educational differences in morality most
pronounced? Correct Answers most prominent from age 65-74
(some difference 55-64)
Briefly describe the process of aging according to the telomere
theory. Correct Answers Aging is caused by loss of telomeres
from ends of chromosomes
Finite number of times cells can divide, with each division more
of telomere is lost, once shorten to point of no longer being able
,to protect the chromosome, adjacent chromosomes fuse, the cell
cycle stops, and the cell dies
Can random error theories be integrated with programmed aging
theories? Why or why not? Correct Answers Ret: based on
assumption that aging reflects unplanned changes in an
organism over time
Pat: suggest that not build to last but rather meant to deteriorate
over time in systematic fashion
Case study Correct Answers --summarizes the findings from
multiple sources for those individuals
Chiang et al. (2018). Midlife self-reported social support as a
buffer against premature mortality risks associated with
childhood abuse.
1. What was the authors primary study design? Experimental or
correlational? Correct Answers correlational
Compare an experimental with a quasi-experimental design.
Which type of design is used in studies on aging? Correct
Answers Quasi: researchers compare groups on predetermined
characteristics
Compare the two models of changes in the central nervous
system. What are the proposed effects of aging? What research
supports these models and what are the strengths/limitation of
this evidence? Correct Answers Neuronal fallout
Proposed effects of aging: losses occur in numbers of neurons
and synapses
, Relevant research: decreases in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus,
increases in white matter hyperintensities
Plasticity model
Proposed effects of aging: Continued growth through dendritic
elaboration (not actually new neurons but more dendrites)
Relevant research: Diet and exercise preserve brain function and
cognition
Contrast the neuronal fallout and plasticity models of the aging
nervous system. Correct Answers Nf: hypothesis that
individuals progressively lose brain tissue over life span because
neurons do not have ability to replace themselves when die;
losses occur in numbers of neurons and synapses
P: continued growth through dendritic elaboration
Define a longitudinal and a cross-sectional design. Compare two
advantages and two disadvantages of each. Correct Answers
Longitudinal: people are followed repeatedly from one test
occasion to another
Advantages: gives better picture of development
Disadvantages: costly, time-consuming
Cross sectional: researchers compare groups of people ith
different ages at one point in time
Advantages: quick data collection, speed/economy
Disadvantages: age effects are confounded with cohort effects
(difference could be due to experiences of generation)
Define age, cohort, and time of measurement. What is each
variable intended to represent? Correct Answers Age: how
many years person has lived--change within individual
