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NURS549 Midterm Questions and Answers
(Expert Solutions)
Q: Drugs responsible for Hyperuricemia, 🗹🗹: Loop and Thiazides
Q: Difference between drugs best suited to cross the membrane, 🗹🗹: Lipid (un-
ionized) soluble drugs the best usually passive form
Water soluble are ionzied must be small to pass through memebrane
Q: first pass effect, 🗹🗹: concentration of a drug given orally is greatly reduced
before it reaches systemic circulation
It is the fraction of lost drug during the process of oral absorption which is related to
liver metabolism
Q: Effect of pH, 🗹🗹: Drugs pass through readily when unchanged (unprotonated)
A weak acid in a acidic environment
A weak base in a basic environment
Q: Drug Distribution, 🗹🗹: process by which a drug reversibly leaves the blood
stream and enters the interstitium ( extracellular fluid) and then the cells of the tissues
Q: Volume of distribution (Vd), 🗹🗹: A hypothetical volume of fluid into which a drug
is dispensed
Q: Plasma protein binding, 🗹🗹: Albumin can reversibly bind a drug and sequester
the drug in a non-diffusible form
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Q: First order kinetics, 🗹🗹: non-linear or exponential - a constant fraction of the
drug is metabolized
Q: Zero order kinetics, 🗹🗹: Linear - a constant amount of drug is metabolized not
based on drug concentration
Q: steady state plasma concentration, 🗹🗹: plasma concentration of drug when the
maintenance rate of drug administration is equal to the rate of elimination
Q: factors that affect steady state plasma concentration, 🗹🗹: Directly proportional to
infusion rate
Inversely proportional to clearance of the drug
Q: 4 major receptor families, 🗹🗹: 1. Transmembrane Ligand-Gated ion channel-
regulates ion flow ex. nicotinic nuerotransmiters
2. Transmembrane G Protein- coupled receptor- most abundant linked to gprotein for
second messanger ex. alpha and beta, muscarinic
3. Enzyme linked receptor- activates or inhibits intracellular enzymes ex.insulin
4. Intracellular receptor-most diffuse through the membrane to engage. ex. hormones
Q: second messenger, 🗹🗹: effector molecules that relay signals from recptors on cell
surface to target molecules inside the cell in the cystoplasm or nucleus
Q: Therapeutic index, 🗹🗹: the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic(desired and
effective) concentrations of a drug in an individual
TD50/ED50
the smaller the value the less safe
Q: TD50, 🗹🗹: toxic dose in 50% of the population
Q: ED50, 🗹🗹: Effective dose in 50% of the population
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Q: EC50, 🗹🗹: drug dose the shows 50% of maximal response in an individual
Q: Potency, 🗹🗹: measure of an amount of drug neccessary to produce an effect
Q: efficacy, 🗹🗹: the ability of a drug to elicit a response
Q: Graded dose response curve, 🗹🗹: based on an individual
As the concentration of a drug increases, the magnitude of its pharmacologic effect
increases
Q: Quantal dose-response curve, 🗹🗹: plots the fraction of the population that
respond to given drug
describes the concentration of a drug that produce a given effect in a population
Q: Adrenergic receptors, 🗹🗹: receptor activated by Norepinephrine
1. Alpha
2. Beta
Q: Cholinergic Receptors, 🗹🗹: Receptors activated by acetylcholine
1.Nicotinic
2.Muscarinic
Q: somatic nervous system, 🗹🗹: works on skeletal muscle
no ganglia
acetylcholine(ACH) on Nicotinic receptors
NURS549 Midterm Questions and Answers
(Expert Solutions)
Q: Drugs responsible for Hyperuricemia, 🗹🗹: Loop and Thiazides
Q: Difference between drugs best suited to cross the membrane, 🗹🗹: Lipid (un-
ionized) soluble drugs the best usually passive form
Water soluble are ionzied must be small to pass through memebrane
Q: first pass effect, 🗹🗹: concentration of a drug given orally is greatly reduced
before it reaches systemic circulation
It is the fraction of lost drug during the process of oral absorption which is related to
liver metabolism
Q: Effect of pH, 🗹🗹: Drugs pass through readily when unchanged (unprotonated)
A weak acid in a acidic environment
A weak base in a basic environment
Q: Drug Distribution, 🗹🗹: process by which a drug reversibly leaves the blood
stream and enters the interstitium ( extracellular fluid) and then the cells of the tissues
Q: Volume of distribution (Vd), 🗹🗹: A hypothetical volume of fluid into which a drug
is dispensed
Q: Plasma protein binding, 🗹🗹: Albumin can reversibly bind a drug and sequester
the drug in a non-diffusible form
, Page | 2
Q: First order kinetics, 🗹🗹: non-linear or exponential - a constant fraction of the
drug is metabolized
Q: Zero order kinetics, 🗹🗹: Linear - a constant amount of drug is metabolized not
based on drug concentration
Q: steady state plasma concentration, 🗹🗹: plasma concentration of drug when the
maintenance rate of drug administration is equal to the rate of elimination
Q: factors that affect steady state plasma concentration, 🗹🗹: Directly proportional to
infusion rate
Inversely proportional to clearance of the drug
Q: 4 major receptor families, 🗹🗹: 1. Transmembrane Ligand-Gated ion channel-
regulates ion flow ex. nicotinic nuerotransmiters
2. Transmembrane G Protein- coupled receptor- most abundant linked to gprotein for
second messanger ex. alpha and beta, muscarinic
3. Enzyme linked receptor- activates or inhibits intracellular enzymes ex.insulin
4. Intracellular receptor-most diffuse through the membrane to engage. ex. hormones
Q: second messenger, 🗹🗹: effector molecules that relay signals from recptors on cell
surface to target molecules inside the cell in the cystoplasm or nucleus
Q: Therapeutic index, 🗹🗹: the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic(desired and
effective) concentrations of a drug in an individual
TD50/ED50
the smaller the value the less safe
Q: TD50, 🗹🗹: toxic dose in 50% of the population
Q: ED50, 🗹🗹: Effective dose in 50% of the population
, Page | 3
Q: EC50, 🗹🗹: drug dose the shows 50% of maximal response in an individual
Q: Potency, 🗹🗹: measure of an amount of drug neccessary to produce an effect
Q: efficacy, 🗹🗹: the ability of a drug to elicit a response
Q: Graded dose response curve, 🗹🗹: based on an individual
As the concentration of a drug increases, the magnitude of its pharmacologic effect
increases
Q: Quantal dose-response curve, 🗹🗹: plots the fraction of the population that
respond to given drug
describes the concentration of a drug that produce a given effect in a population
Q: Adrenergic receptors, 🗹🗹: receptor activated by Norepinephrine
1. Alpha
2. Beta
Q: Cholinergic Receptors, 🗹🗹: Receptors activated by acetylcholine
1.Nicotinic
2.Muscarinic
Q: somatic nervous system, 🗹🗹: works on skeletal muscle
no ganglia
acetylcholine(ACH) on Nicotinic receptors
