100% Verified Graded A+
1. For learned helplessness, pre-exposure to escape the helpless-
ness brought on by aversive stimulation
Answer Blocks; inescapable
2. In terms of dropping out, Sidman (2001) indicates that one basic element
is
Answer Escape due to negative reinforcement
3. Consider the following example "Paige got a ticket for littering. As a result, she
has to pick up trash along the highway for at least 20 hours." This is an example of .
Answer overcorrection
4. The response cost procedure is an example of .
Answer negative
punish- ment
5. In Coercion and Its Fallout, Sidman (2001) argues that coercion consists of both
Answer Punishment and negative reinforcement
6. Considering evidence gained by experimental behavior analysis, introduc-
ing spanking at a low intensity and gradually increasing intensity
, Answer
Eventually creates a situation where an unreasonable intensity is
necessary
7. Punishers that have to be used repeatedly indicate
Answer That they are
ineffective and should be discontinued
8. Azrin, Holz, and Hake's (1963) study on punishment and food deprivation
in pigeons demonstrated that
Answer The more food deprived the pigeons were
the lower the efficacy of the punisher
9. Giving an organism another way to obtain reinforcement will
Answer Make
punish- ment more effective
10. If an organism emits an alternate behavior, that behavior can be seen as a(n) if it
occurs during punishment, and a(n) if it