FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING EXAM WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
What is a stereotype? - A set of fixed ideas, often UNFAVORABLE about members of a
group.
What is prejudice? - Process of devaluing an entire group because of assumed
behavior, values, or attributes.
de facto discrimination - practiced, but not legally sanctioned discrimination.
de jure discrimination - (legally sanctioned) when a group has different privileges and
rights than their counterparts.
Forms of Discrimination - Unequal access - (ex: Minorities discouraged from living in
certain neighborhoods)
Exclusion - (ex: Women excluded from upper-management positions)
Cultural Assessment - Language preference
race; ethnicity cultural, spiritual, religious
beliefs
dietary needs and restrictions
Concepts affecting cultural understanding. - Generalization
Stereotypes
Prejudice
Discrimination
Race
What is Generalization? - A statement, idea, or principle that has a broad application.
Application of justice - (ex: Jailing homosexuals because of their sexual orientation)
, What is Acculturation? - mechanism of cultural change achieved through the exchange
of cultural features resulting from firsthand contact between groups.
What is Assimilation? - Process by which individuals from one cultural group merge with
a second group. (ex: Chinese Buddhist women who immigrates to England and marries
English Jewish male)
What is Ethnocentrism? - The belief that ones own culture is superior to that of another,
whiles using ones own cultural values as the criteria by which to judge other cultures.
Characteristics of Socialization. - Family
Community
School
Spiritual/religious
What is Cultural Competence? - the complex integration of a persons knowledge,
attitudes, beliefs, skills, and encounters with those of people from different cultures.
Hand Hygiene - Mandatory to prevent spread of microorganisms
-Breaks the chain of infection
-Surgical hand scrub for surgical procedures
Precautions and isolations - -Standard precautions for every patient, -
transmission precautions: airborne, droplet, and contact precautions -protective
isolation for patients who are immunocompromised.
Alcohol based products and sanitizers - Not to be used when 1 or both hands are visibly
soiled
Types of precautions - -CONTACT - Airborne
-DROPLET - Protective Isolation
Contact precautions - practices used to prevent spread of disease by:
- Direct transmission (contact with patient)
- Indirect transmission (contact with equipment or items in the patients environment)
(ex: multidrug- resistant organisms, scabies and herpes simplex virus)
Roles of Nurse - Autonomy and Accountability
Caregiver
Advocate
Educator
Communicator
Manager
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
What is a stereotype? - A set of fixed ideas, often UNFAVORABLE about members of a
group.
What is prejudice? - Process of devaluing an entire group because of assumed
behavior, values, or attributes.
de facto discrimination - practiced, but not legally sanctioned discrimination.
de jure discrimination - (legally sanctioned) when a group has different privileges and
rights than their counterparts.
Forms of Discrimination - Unequal access - (ex: Minorities discouraged from living in
certain neighborhoods)
Exclusion - (ex: Women excluded from upper-management positions)
Cultural Assessment - Language preference
race; ethnicity cultural, spiritual, religious
beliefs
dietary needs and restrictions
Concepts affecting cultural understanding. - Generalization
Stereotypes
Prejudice
Discrimination
Race
What is Generalization? - A statement, idea, or principle that has a broad application.
Application of justice - (ex: Jailing homosexuals because of their sexual orientation)
, What is Acculturation? - mechanism of cultural change achieved through the exchange
of cultural features resulting from firsthand contact between groups.
What is Assimilation? - Process by which individuals from one cultural group merge with
a second group. (ex: Chinese Buddhist women who immigrates to England and marries
English Jewish male)
What is Ethnocentrism? - The belief that ones own culture is superior to that of another,
whiles using ones own cultural values as the criteria by which to judge other cultures.
Characteristics of Socialization. - Family
Community
School
Spiritual/religious
What is Cultural Competence? - the complex integration of a persons knowledge,
attitudes, beliefs, skills, and encounters with those of people from different cultures.
Hand Hygiene - Mandatory to prevent spread of microorganisms
-Breaks the chain of infection
-Surgical hand scrub for surgical procedures
Precautions and isolations - -Standard precautions for every patient, -
transmission precautions: airborne, droplet, and contact precautions -protective
isolation for patients who are immunocompromised.
Alcohol based products and sanitizers - Not to be used when 1 or both hands are visibly
soiled
Types of precautions - -CONTACT - Airborne
-DROPLET - Protective Isolation
Contact precautions - practices used to prevent spread of disease by:
- Direct transmission (contact with patient)
- Indirect transmission (contact with equipment or items in the patients environment)
(ex: multidrug- resistant organisms, scabies and herpes simplex virus)
Roles of Nurse - Autonomy and Accountability
Caregiver
Advocate
Educator
Communicator
Manager
