Public Health 200 Final Exam Questions And Answers Solved Success Guaranteed| Graded A+.

10 Essential Public Health Services - correct answer 1. MONITOR population health status to identify and solve community health problems 2. DIAGNOSE AND INVESTIGATE health problems and health hazards in the community 3. INFORM AND EDUCATE people about health issues 4. MOBILIZE COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS and action to identify and solve health problems 5. DEVELOP POLICIES AND PLANS that support individual and community health efforts 6. ENFORCE laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety 7. LINK people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable 8. ASSURE competent public and personal health care workforce 9. EVALUATE effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services 10. CONDUCT RESEARCH for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems Six Building Blocks of a Health System - correct answer System Inputs: ce delivery h workforce mation al products, vaccines &technologies cing rship/governance access coverage --------> quality safety overall goals/outcomes 1. improved health (level and equity) 2. responsiveness 3. social and financial risk protection 4. improved efficiency Basic Components of the U.S. Health Care System - correct answer -patients -services -providers -administrators/other staff -facilities (clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, etc) -assurance/oversight -governance -public policy key dimensions -access to care - coverage/financing - quality of care/safety Six Dimensions of Quality of Care - correct answer -effective -efficient -safe -timely -patient-centered -equitable Basic Components: Patients - correct answer Patients: people receiving the individual services Patients are individuals who live in contexts: -family and relationships -socioeconomic -occupation -community -physical environment -cultural -political Basic Components: Services - correct answer types of services: -primary care -specialty care -subspecialty services (e.g., neurosurgery; gynecological cancer) -diagnostic services -treatment: medical and surgical (procedures) -mental health/behavior health care -pharmaceutical care -dental -vision -occupational health assessments/services -physical therapy -rehabilitation -long-term care -end of life care: Palliative care/hospice Basic Components: Clinical Work Force - correct answer Clinical Work Force: -physicians, surgeons, physician assistants -nurses: nurse practitioners, RNs, LPNs, aides -dentists, podiatrists, optometrists, chiropractors, naturopaths, etc. -pharmacists, physical therapists, nutritionists, etc -psychologists, social workers, case managers, patient educators, etc. Trends in primary care vs specialty physicians - correct answer there are significantly less primary care physicians than there are specialty physicians primary care physician shortage - correct answer aging baby boomers and the 32 million newly insured people anticipated under the new federal care law are expected to tax the medical profession in coming years. While demand for family physicians continues to grow, the number of medical students choosing family medicine has only begun to increase after a sharp drop and several flat years over the past decade nursing shortage - correct answer -average age of nursing workforce is getting older (44) -during the last decade, 20,000 nurses retired per year -after 2020, that number will be 80,000 per year -the supply of nurses is projected to increase after 2020 -even so, shortage is forecasted through baby boom years Basic Components: Administrators/Other Staff - correct answer Administrators/Other Staff -health care executive leaders -administrators -board members/trustees -laboratory staff -diagnostic services staff -clerical and patient support staff -facilities staff -food services staff -consultants Basic Components: Facilities - correct answer Types of facilities: -ambulatory care clinics (outpatient) -emergency department/urgent care clinics -hospitals (3 types: private for profit, private non-profit, public) -long term care/nursing homes -community health centers -school-based clinics -family planning clinics -local health departments -retail clinics -mobile vans -dialysis centers Basic Components: assurance /oversight - correct answer assurance/oversight: -accreditation of training programs -licensure/professional standards -laboratory safety/quality standards -quality of care protocols and systems -radiation safety standards -FDA: drug regulations -facility safety regulations -certificate of need laws Basic Components: Governance - correct answer Governance: -executive and administrative leadership -boards of directors/trustees public policy - correct answer -local, state and federal policy and regulation impact all aspects of the health care system -public policy often intervenes when there are "market failures" or market inefficiencies, negative outcomes -of particular importance is public policy that addresses the "triple aim" The 5 A's of Access - correct answer -Affordability -accessibility -availability -accommodation -acceptability Affordability - correct answer "prices of services meet client's income and ability to pay" -costs: transportation, lost time and income, cost of care, etc -perception of worth relative to cost, knowledge of prices, total cost, and credit arrangements accessibility - correct answer "location of supply aligns with location of clients or demand" -accounts of geographical economic and social distance, transportation resources, etc. -measured in distance availability - correct answer "size or volume of the supply meets the client's needs" -volume and type of services vs. resources to client's volume and type of needs -measured in congestion, coverage accommodation - correct answer "delivery of healthcare accommodates client's needs" -appointment systems, hours of operation, walk-in facilities, telephone or web services -cultural and language barriers acceptability - correct answer "healthcare providers accept all clients regardless of their characteristics" -client's characteristics: age, sex, social class, ethnicity, type of insurance (e.g. Medicare, Medicaid) Percent Uninsured in the U.S. - correct answer Percent uninsured has dropped from 14.6% in 2008 to 11% in 2016 people started to avoid coming in for treatment for serious conditions Health Insurance in the U.S. - correct answer private - employer sponsored, individual market, health savings account public - medicaid, medicare, SCHIP, Veterans health system, state/local plans uninsured - out of pocket, health care safety net Access: health care "safety net" - correct answer -includes publicly-funded insurance -local public health clinics -immunizations and other preventative services -aging services/home health care -family planning clinics