Bio 253 final exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
Organelles are - Answer -
Organs of the Urinary system - Answer -kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal
artery, renal vein, ureter, nephron - Answer -
functional unit of the kidney - Answer -nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? - Answer -Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
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,What is the glomerulus made of? - Answer -capillaries
Function of a nephron - Answer -filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types - Answer -juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - Answer --Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons - Answer --85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney? - Answer -1.)Reabsorption - moving substances
with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration - Answer -hydrostatic pressure or BP
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, What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - Answer -filtrate
What is filtrate? - Answer -mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste
products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - Answer -Only water is absorbed in the
descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - Answer -@ Lowest concentration
(diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? - Answer -Countercurrent mechanism
(dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the
ascending limb.
tubular secretion - Answer --selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in
renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function - Answer -directly :
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Answers
Organelles are - Answer -
Organs of the Urinary system - Answer -kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal
artery, renal vein, ureter, nephron - Answer -
functional unit of the kidney - Answer -nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? - Answer -Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What is the glomerulus made of? - Answer -capillaries
Function of a nephron - Answer -filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types - Answer -juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - Answer --Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons - Answer --85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney? - Answer -1.)Reabsorption - moving substances
with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration - Answer -hydrostatic pressure or BP
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - Answer -filtrate
What is filtrate? - Answer -mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste
products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - Answer -Only water is absorbed in the
descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - Answer -@ Lowest concentration
(diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? - Answer -Countercurrent mechanism
(dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the
ascending limb.
tubular secretion - Answer --selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in
renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function - Answer -directly :
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