TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED
PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, D) coolness.
2ND EDITION, BY NANCY TKACS, ALL 3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the
CHAPTERS 1-17 LATEST movement of leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells
arrives early in great numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
D) Platelets
PRACTICE
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the
4. initial step in the process?
A) Engulfment
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
B) Intracellular killing
A) fever.
C) Antigen margination
B) fatigue.
D) Recognition and adherence
C) redness.
5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased
D) granuloma. capillary permeability and pain?
A) Serotonin
2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
B) Histamine
A) bleeding.
C) Bradykinin
B) congestion.
D) Nitric oxide
C) pale skin.
,Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials
for
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the
Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs Test Bank blood lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the
following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells? B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
A) Serous
C) block viral replication in cells.
B) Fibrinous
D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
C) Suppurative
An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
10
D) Membranous . to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation
in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will
occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the
onset of inflammation and includes: A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
A) fever and lethargy. B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
B) decreased C-reactive protein.
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris
C) positive nitrogen balance.
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
. experiencing chronic inflammation?
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
characterized by which of the following phenomena?
B)
A) Profuse fibrinous exudation A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages
, An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a
14
. draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket
Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials Advanced
while Physiology and Pathophysiology
she sits in her wheelchair. Essentials
Which of the following mechanisms
for for of heat loss is most likely the primary cause of her request?
A) Evaporation and conduction
Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs Test Bank Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs Test Bank
B)
Radiation and convection
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle C)
Conduction and convection
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range? D) Convection and evaporation
.
15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of
A) 35.9C (96.6F) inducing
. the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
B) A) Acute inflammation
38.0C (100.4F)
C) B) Obesity
35.5C (95.9F)
C)
Myocardial infarction
D) 37.3C (99.1F)
D) Malignancy
13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit E) Renal failure
. states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to
be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts developing a neurogenic fever?
.
A)
B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air A patient who has stage II Alzheimer disease
B) A patient who has sustained a head injury in a bicycle crash
C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles
A patient who has become delirious after the
C) administration of a benzodiazepine
D) Decreased urine production
A patient who has begun taking a selective serotonin-reuptake
D) inhibitor (SSRI) for the treatment of depression
Patients are commonly administered antipyretics when their oral temperature
17
. exceeds 37.5C (99.5F). Which of the following statements
related to the rationale for this action is most accurate?
A) Temperatures in excess of 37.5C (99.5F) can result in seizure activity.
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials
for for
Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs Test Bank Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs Test Bank
D) Fever in neonates is often evidence of a congenital disorder rather than
B) Lower temperatures inhibit the protein synthesis of bacteria.
an infection.
C) There is little empirical evidence for this treatment modality.
20 An 84-year-old patients blood cultures have come back positive, despite the
Most common antipyretics have been shown to have little effect on
D) core temperature. . fact that his oral temperature has remained within normal range.
Which of the following phenomena underlies the alterations in
fever response that occur in the elderly?
A patient has sought care because of recent malaise and high fever. Upon
18 A) Disturbance in the functioning of the thermoregulatory center
. assessment, the patient states that his current fever began two days earlier,
although he states that for the last 2 weeks he is in a cycle of high fever for a B) Increased heat loss by evaporation
couple of days followed by a day or two of normal temperature. Which of the
following fever patterns is this patient experiencing? C) The presence of comorbidities that are associated with lowered core
temperature
A) Recurrent fever
D) Persistent closure of arteriovenous shunts
B) Remittent fever Answer Key
C) Sustained fever
D) Intermittent fever 1. C
2. B
19 A febrile, 3-week-old infant has been brought to the emergency department
3. C
. by his parents and is currently undergoing a diagnostic workup to
determine the cause of his fever. Which of the following statements 4. D
best conveys the rationale for this careful examination?
5. C
A) The immature hypothalamus is unable to perform normal
thermoregulation.
B) Infants are susceptible to serious infections because of their decreased 6. D
immune function.
7. A
C) Commonly used antipyretics often have no effect on the core
temperature of infants. 8. D
9. B
PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, D) coolness.
2ND EDITION, BY NANCY TKACS, ALL 3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the
CHAPTERS 1-17 LATEST movement of leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells
arrives early in great numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
D) Platelets
PRACTICE
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the
4. initial step in the process?
A) Engulfment
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
B) Intracellular killing
A) fever.
C) Antigen margination
B) fatigue.
D) Recognition and adherence
C) redness.
5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased
D) granuloma. capillary permeability and pain?
A) Serotonin
2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
B) Histamine
A) bleeding.
C) Bradykinin
B) congestion.
D) Nitric oxide
C) pale skin.
,Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials
for
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the
Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs Test Bank blood lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the
following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells? B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
A) Serous
C) block viral replication in cells.
B) Fibrinous
D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
C) Suppurative
An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
10
D) Membranous . to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation
in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will
occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the
onset of inflammation and includes: A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
A) fever and lethargy. B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
B) decreased C-reactive protein.
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris
C) positive nitrogen balance.
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
. experiencing chronic inflammation?
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
characterized by which of the following phenomena?
B)
A) Profuse fibrinous exudation A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages
, An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a
14
. draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket
Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials Advanced
while Physiology and Pathophysiology
she sits in her wheelchair. Essentials
Which of the following mechanisms
for for of heat loss is most likely the primary cause of her request?
A) Evaporation and conduction
Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs Test Bank Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs Test Bank
B)
Radiation and convection
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle C)
Conduction and convection
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range? D) Convection and evaporation
.
15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of
A) 35.9C (96.6F) inducing
. the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
B) A) Acute inflammation
38.0C (100.4F)
C) B) Obesity
35.5C (95.9F)
C)
Myocardial infarction
D) 37.3C (99.1F)
D) Malignancy
13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit E) Renal failure
. states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to
be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts developing a neurogenic fever?
.
A)
B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air A patient who has stage II Alzheimer disease
B) A patient who has sustained a head injury in a bicycle crash
C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles
A patient who has become delirious after the
C) administration of a benzodiazepine
D) Decreased urine production
A patient who has begun taking a selective serotonin-reuptake
D) inhibitor (SSRI) for the treatment of depression
Patients are commonly administered antipyretics when their oral temperature
17
. exceeds 37.5C (99.5F). Which of the following statements
related to the rationale for this action is most accurate?
A) Temperatures in excess of 37.5C (99.5F) can result in seizure activity.
, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials
for for
Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs Test Bank Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs Test Bank
D) Fever in neonates is often evidence of a congenital disorder rather than
B) Lower temperatures inhibit the protein synthesis of bacteria.
an infection.
C) There is little empirical evidence for this treatment modality.
20 An 84-year-old patients blood cultures have come back positive, despite the
Most common antipyretics have been shown to have little effect on
D) core temperature. . fact that his oral temperature has remained within normal range.
Which of the following phenomena underlies the alterations in
fever response that occur in the elderly?
A patient has sought care because of recent malaise and high fever. Upon
18 A) Disturbance in the functioning of the thermoregulatory center
. assessment, the patient states that his current fever began two days earlier,
although he states that for the last 2 weeks he is in a cycle of high fever for a B) Increased heat loss by evaporation
couple of days followed by a day or two of normal temperature. Which of the
following fever patterns is this patient experiencing? C) The presence of comorbidities that are associated with lowered core
temperature
A) Recurrent fever
D) Persistent closure of arteriovenous shunts
B) Remittent fever Answer Key
C) Sustained fever
D) Intermittent fever 1. C
2. B
19 A febrile, 3-week-old infant has been brought to the emergency department
3. C
. by his parents and is currently undergoing a diagnostic workup to
determine the cause of his fever. Which of the following statements 4. D
best conveys the rationale for this careful examination?
5. C
A) The immature hypothalamus is unable to perform normal
thermoregulation.
B) Infants are susceptible to serious infections because of their decreased 6. D
immune function.
7. A
C) Commonly used antipyretics often have no effect on the core
temperature of infants. 8. D
9. B
