QASP EXAMINATION MANUAL 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) - ✔✔when the Individualized Education
Program (IEP) is written, a determination is made regarding the amount of time each
student with disabilities will spend with nondisabled peers both in classroom and all
other school activities.
✔✔IEP - ✔✔individualized education plan, a written statement for each child with a
disability, must include:
statement of child's present levels of functional performance
measurable annual goals
✔✔IEP development - ✔✔Parental Rights- participate in meetings, outside and
independent evaluation, ggive or deny consent, contest a school's decision, private
eduxation paid by the public school ( when they acant provie an adequate education for
your child;s specigtic needs.
Deadlines for Assessment- Identification of potential needs- 15 days for proposed
assessment plan- parent has 15 days to consent to the plan- 60 days (not counting
holidays) to hold an IEP meeting
Frequency of Meetings- annual review
✔✔Antecedent - ✔✔An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or
occurring prior to a behavior of interest.
✔✔Behavior - ✔✔The way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or
external environment.
✔✔Consequence - ✔✔A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest.
✔✔ABA- Defined - ✔✔The science in which tactics derived from the principles of
behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is
used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior.
✔✔Pairing - ✔✔when the child has associated you with reinforcement, or good things.
✔✔A-B-C contingency - ✔✔antecedent, behavior, consequence
✔✔Motivating Operation - ✔✔An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or
decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b)
alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that have been
reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event.
✔✔Negative Reinforcement - ✔✔the reinforcement of a response by the removal,
escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus
, ✔✔Positive Reinforcement - ✔✔Increasing behaviors by presenting a stimuli, such as
food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response,
increases the future likelihoss of that same response.
✔✔Positive Punishment - ✔✔the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability
of a behavior's recurring
✔✔Negative Punishment - ✔✔the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a
behavior's recurring
✔✔Conditioned Reinforcement - ✔✔occurs when a stimulus reinforces set behaviors
through its association with a primary reinforcer
✔✔Unconditioned Reinforcement - ✔✔a reinforcement that is inherent, such as food
✔✔Primary Reinforcement - ✔✔an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that
satisfies a biological need
✔✔Secondary reinforcement - ✔✔Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcering after being
paired with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, or gold stars
✔✔Contingent reinforcement - ✔✔situation in which a certain response must be made
before a reinforcer is obtained; that is, no response, no reinforcer
✔✔Effective reinforcement strategies - ✔✔Set initial criterion at an easily achievable
level
Use high quality reinforcers
Use varied reinforcers (prevent satiation)
Use direct reinforcers (natural) whenever possibel
Combine response prompts and reinforcement
Set a dense schedule (FR1) initially
Gradually thin reinforcement schedule
Gradually shift from contrived to naturally occurring reinforcers
✔✔Differential reinforcement - ✔✔Reinforcing only those responses within a response
class that meet a specific criterion along some dimension(s) and placing all other
responses in the class on extinction.
✔✔Schedules of reinforcement - ✔✔Intermittent Schedules- ratio/interval schedules.
Not all responses of the same response class can be reinforced.
Compound Schedules
✔✔Extinction - ✔✔
WITH SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) - ✔✔when the Individualized Education
Program (IEP) is written, a determination is made regarding the amount of time each
student with disabilities will spend with nondisabled peers both in classroom and all
other school activities.
✔✔IEP - ✔✔individualized education plan, a written statement for each child with a
disability, must include:
statement of child's present levels of functional performance
measurable annual goals
✔✔IEP development - ✔✔Parental Rights- participate in meetings, outside and
independent evaluation, ggive or deny consent, contest a school's decision, private
eduxation paid by the public school ( when they acant provie an adequate education for
your child;s specigtic needs.
Deadlines for Assessment- Identification of potential needs- 15 days for proposed
assessment plan- parent has 15 days to consent to the plan- 60 days (not counting
holidays) to hold an IEP meeting
Frequency of Meetings- annual review
✔✔Antecedent - ✔✔An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or
occurring prior to a behavior of interest.
✔✔Behavior - ✔✔The way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or
external environment.
✔✔Consequence - ✔✔A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest.
✔✔ABA- Defined - ✔✔The science in which tactics derived from the principles of
behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is
used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior.
✔✔Pairing - ✔✔when the child has associated you with reinforcement, or good things.
✔✔A-B-C contingency - ✔✔antecedent, behavior, consequence
✔✔Motivating Operation - ✔✔An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or
decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b)
alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that have been
reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event.
✔✔Negative Reinforcement - ✔✔the reinforcement of a response by the removal,
escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus
, ✔✔Positive Reinforcement - ✔✔Increasing behaviors by presenting a stimuli, such as
food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response,
increases the future likelihoss of that same response.
✔✔Positive Punishment - ✔✔the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability
of a behavior's recurring
✔✔Negative Punishment - ✔✔the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a
behavior's recurring
✔✔Conditioned Reinforcement - ✔✔occurs when a stimulus reinforces set behaviors
through its association with a primary reinforcer
✔✔Unconditioned Reinforcement - ✔✔a reinforcement that is inherent, such as food
✔✔Primary Reinforcement - ✔✔an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that
satisfies a biological need
✔✔Secondary reinforcement - ✔✔Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcering after being
paired with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, or gold stars
✔✔Contingent reinforcement - ✔✔situation in which a certain response must be made
before a reinforcer is obtained; that is, no response, no reinforcer
✔✔Effective reinforcement strategies - ✔✔Set initial criterion at an easily achievable
level
Use high quality reinforcers
Use varied reinforcers (prevent satiation)
Use direct reinforcers (natural) whenever possibel
Combine response prompts and reinforcement
Set a dense schedule (FR1) initially
Gradually thin reinforcement schedule
Gradually shift from contrived to naturally occurring reinforcers
✔✔Differential reinforcement - ✔✔Reinforcing only those responses within a response
class that meet a specific criterion along some dimension(s) and placing all other
responses in the class on extinction.
✔✔Schedules of reinforcement - ✔✔Intermittent Schedules- ratio/interval schedules.
Not all responses of the same response class can be reinforced.
Compound Schedules
✔✔Extinction - ✔✔
