CCI ECHO FINAL EXAM AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS)
LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
At what time during fetal growth is the heart first fully developed?
a) 20 days
b) 30 days
c) 40 days
d) 50 days - CORRECT ANSWER- 40 days
On the 30th day, the truncus normally divides. What anomaly occurs if the truncus
does not divide?
a) A-V canal
b) muscular VSD
c) transposition of the great vessels
d) truncus arteriosus - CORRECT ANSWER- truncus arteriosus
The sinus venous forms all of the following EXCEPT:
a) coronary sinus
b) pulmonary arteries
c) right atrium
d) inferior vena cava - CORRECT ANSWER- pulmonary arteries
,The trunks arterioles forms all of the following EXCEPT:
a) pulmonary veins
b) carotid artery
c) pulmonary arteries
d) ductus arteriosus - CORRECT ANSWER- pulmonary veins
What are the two right-to-left shunts in the normal fetal circulation?
a) ductus arterioles and primum ASD
b) VSD and ASD
c) foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
d) foramen ovale and VSD - CORRECT ANSWER- foramen ovale and ductus
arteriosus
Which of the following left-to-right shunts is the last to close in the normal post-
partum period? When does it close?
a) patent ductus arteriosus, closes in the 7th day
b) patent foramen ovale, closes in the 2nd day
c) patent ductus arteriosus, closes in the 14th day
d) patent foramen ovale, close at the end of the first week - CORRECT
ANSWER- patent foramen ovale, close at the end of the first week
In the normal fetal circulation, which of the following has the least amount of the
flood flow?
a) patent foramen ovale
b) ductus arteriosus
,c) aorta
d) pulmonary veins - CORRECT ANSWER- pulmonary veins
All of the following hemodynamic events occur post-delivery EXCEPT:
a) pulmonary artery blood flow increases
b) left atrial pressure decreases
c) pulmonary resistance decreases
d) foramen ovale flow decreases - CORRECT ANSWER- left atrial pressure
decreases
The fetal ductus arteriosus closes soon after birth? What structure does it become?
a) coronary sinus
b) chiari network
c) eustachian valve
d) ligamentum arteriosum - CORRECT ANSWER- ligamentum arteriosum
The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery and aorta in the fetus. At what
site does the ductus attach to the aorta?
a) aortic isthmus
b) aortic root
c) sinus of Valsalva
d) A-V node - CORRECT ANSWER- aortic isthmus
The following five structures are activated during a single cardiac cycle. Rank
them in the normal order of activation:
, a) Bundle of His
b) Purkinje fibers
c) AV node
d) SA node
e) Left bundle branch - CORRECT ANSWER- 1) SA node
2) AV node
3) Bundle of His
4) Left bundle branch
5) Purkinje fibers
Which of the following structures is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
a) Bundle of His
b) Purkinje fibers
c) AV node
d) SA node - CORRECT ANSWER- SA node
During the resting state, which of the following ions are pumped out of the cells of
the myocardium?
a) sodium
b) potassium
c) iodine
d) magnesium - CORRECT ANSWER- sodium
Following electrical depolarization of the myocardial cell membrane, which ion
rushes in first, and which ion rushes in later?
ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS)
LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
At what time during fetal growth is the heart first fully developed?
a) 20 days
b) 30 days
c) 40 days
d) 50 days - CORRECT ANSWER- 40 days
On the 30th day, the truncus normally divides. What anomaly occurs if the truncus
does not divide?
a) A-V canal
b) muscular VSD
c) transposition of the great vessels
d) truncus arteriosus - CORRECT ANSWER- truncus arteriosus
The sinus venous forms all of the following EXCEPT:
a) coronary sinus
b) pulmonary arteries
c) right atrium
d) inferior vena cava - CORRECT ANSWER- pulmonary arteries
,The trunks arterioles forms all of the following EXCEPT:
a) pulmonary veins
b) carotid artery
c) pulmonary arteries
d) ductus arteriosus - CORRECT ANSWER- pulmonary veins
What are the two right-to-left shunts in the normal fetal circulation?
a) ductus arterioles and primum ASD
b) VSD and ASD
c) foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
d) foramen ovale and VSD - CORRECT ANSWER- foramen ovale and ductus
arteriosus
Which of the following left-to-right shunts is the last to close in the normal post-
partum period? When does it close?
a) patent ductus arteriosus, closes in the 7th day
b) patent foramen ovale, closes in the 2nd day
c) patent ductus arteriosus, closes in the 14th day
d) patent foramen ovale, close at the end of the first week - CORRECT
ANSWER- patent foramen ovale, close at the end of the first week
In the normal fetal circulation, which of the following has the least amount of the
flood flow?
a) patent foramen ovale
b) ductus arteriosus
,c) aorta
d) pulmonary veins - CORRECT ANSWER- pulmonary veins
All of the following hemodynamic events occur post-delivery EXCEPT:
a) pulmonary artery blood flow increases
b) left atrial pressure decreases
c) pulmonary resistance decreases
d) foramen ovale flow decreases - CORRECT ANSWER- left atrial pressure
decreases
The fetal ductus arteriosus closes soon after birth? What structure does it become?
a) coronary sinus
b) chiari network
c) eustachian valve
d) ligamentum arteriosum - CORRECT ANSWER- ligamentum arteriosum
The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery and aorta in the fetus. At what
site does the ductus attach to the aorta?
a) aortic isthmus
b) aortic root
c) sinus of Valsalva
d) A-V node - CORRECT ANSWER- aortic isthmus
The following five structures are activated during a single cardiac cycle. Rank
them in the normal order of activation:
, a) Bundle of His
b) Purkinje fibers
c) AV node
d) SA node
e) Left bundle branch - CORRECT ANSWER- 1) SA node
2) AV node
3) Bundle of His
4) Left bundle branch
5) Purkinje fibers
Which of the following structures is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
a) Bundle of His
b) Purkinje fibers
c) AV node
d) SA node - CORRECT ANSWER- SA node
During the resting state, which of the following ions are pumped out of the cells of
the myocardium?
a) sodium
b) potassium
c) iodine
d) magnesium - CORRECT ANSWER- sodium
Following electrical depolarization of the myocardial cell membrane, which ion
rushes in first, and which ion rushes in later?
