BIO 253 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Organelles are - ANSWER
Organs of the Urinary system - ANSWERkidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery,
renal vein, ureter, nephron - ANSWER
functional unit of the kidney - ANSWERnephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? - ANSWERRenal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of? - ANSWERcapillaries
Function of a nephron - ANSWERfilter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types - ANSWERjuxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - ANSWER-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons - ANSWER-85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney? - ANSWER1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with
tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
, driving force for filtration - ANSWERhydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - ANSWERfiltrate
What is filtrate? - ANSWERmostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products.
Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - ANSWEROnly water is absorbed in the descending
limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - ANSWER@ Lowest concentration
(diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? - ANSWERCountercurrent mechanism (dilutes
the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the ascending
limb.
tubular secretion - ANSWER-selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal
tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function - ANSWERdirectly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function - ANSWER-decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning
sodium and water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells - ANSWERkidneys
ANH function - ANSWERTells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20
and Na+
Effects of ADH - ANSWERincreases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma
and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more
water because of the ADH
AND ANSWERS COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Organelles are - ANSWER
Organs of the Urinary system - ANSWERkidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery,
renal vein, ureter, nephron - ANSWER
functional unit of the kidney - ANSWERnephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? - ANSWERRenal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of? - ANSWERcapillaries
Function of a nephron - ANSWERfilter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types - ANSWERjuxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - ANSWER-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons - ANSWER-85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney? - ANSWER1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with
tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
, driving force for filtration - ANSWERhydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - ANSWERfiltrate
What is filtrate? - ANSWERmostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products.
Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - ANSWEROnly water is absorbed in the descending
limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - ANSWER@ Lowest concentration
(diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? - ANSWERCountercurrent mechanism (dilutes
the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the ascending
limb.
tubular secretion - ANSWER-selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal
tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function - ANSWERdirectly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function - ANSWER-decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning
sodium and water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells - ANSWERkidneys
ANH function - ANSWERTells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20
and Na+
Effects of ADH - ANSWERincreases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma
and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more
water because of the ADH
