ABG INTERPRETATION EXAM WITH ANS 2025

ABG INTERPRETATION EXAM WITH ANS 2025

1. Step 1: What is the normal pH range? 7.35-7.45

2. Step 2: What does pH < 7.35 indicate? Acidosis

3. Step 3: What does pH > 7.45 indicate? Alkalosis

4. Step 4: What if pH is normal but CO₂ or Fully compensated
HCO₃⁻ is abnormal?

5. Step 5: What is the normal PaCO₂ range? 35-45 mmHg

6. Step 6: What does PaCO₂ > 45 mean? Respiratory acidosis (CO₂ is acidic)

7. Step 7: What does PaCO₂ < 35 mean? Respiratory alkalosis (CO₂ is basic)

8. Step 8: What is the normal HCO₃⁻ range? 22-26 mEq/L

9. Step 9: What does HCO₃⁻ < 22 mean? Metabolic acidosis

10. Step 10: What does HCO₃⁻ > 26 mean? Metabolic alkalosis

11. What does ROME stand for in ABG inter- Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal
pretation?

12. How do you identify respiratory imbal- pH and CO₂ go in opposite directions (e.g. “p H,
ance using ROME? ‘CO₂ = respiratory acidosis)

13. How do you identify metabolic imbal- pH and HCO₃⁻ go in same direction (e.g. “p H,
ance using ROME? “H CO₃⁻ = metabolic acidosis)

14. What does uncompensated ABG look pH is abnormal, one value (CO₂ or HCO₃⁻) is
like? normal

15. What does partially compensated ABG pH is abnormal, CO₂ and HCO₃⁻ are both abnor-
look like? mal
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