TTU Chemistry 1305 ~ Mason Test 1
EXAM, SOLUTIONS LATEST
VERSION 2025!!
Gamma Rays -CORRECT ANSWER -These rays are pure energy.
-They can travel a very long distance and penetrate thick materials.
-These are the most destructive type of rays.
Beta Particles -CORRECT ANSWER -These are basically just an electron that has been
ejected from the nucleus.
-Just like other electrons, beta particles are attracted to a positively charged plate.
-Decent ability to penetrate materials.
Alpha Decay -CORRECT ANSWER -Releases an alpha particle.
-Two protons and two neutrons.
Critical Mass -CORRECT ANSWER The minimum amount of nuclear material required for
detonation.
Nuclear Fission -CORRECT ANSWER -The splitting of a large nucleus into smaller fragments.
-Generates a tremendous amount of energy.
Half-Life -CORRECT ANSWER -A term used to describe the decay of radioactive material.
-Time required for half of a sample to decay to a stable element.
,Nuclear Fusion -CORRECT ANSWER Produces energy by fusing two small nuclei together
into a larger one.
Strong Nuclear Force -CORRECT ANSWER A short ranged force that draws elemental
particles together.
Atomic Spectrum -CORRECT ANSWER The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic
radiation emitted or absorbed during transitions of electrons between energy levels within an
atom.
Effective Nuclear Charge -CORRECT ANSWER -The total positive charge felt by the outer
electrons.
- (Total number of protons)-(inner shell electrons)
Inner Shell Shielding -CORRECT ANSWER Where inner-shell electrons shield the outer
electrons from part of the attractive force of the nucleus.
Electromagnetic Spectrum -CORRECT ANSWER The range of all types of electromagnetic
radiation.
Ionization Energy -CORRECT ANSWER The energy needed to remove one electron from an
atom.
Electron-Dot Structure -CORRECT ANSWER A way to note the valence shell electrons.
Nonbonding Pair -CORRECT ANSWER Paired electrons that don't generally form bonds.
Polyatomic Ion -CORRECT ANSWER Ions formed from multi atom molecules.
,Molecule -CORRECT ANSWER Typically gain or lose a hydrogen ion (H⁺)
Valence Shell -CORRECT ANSWER Holds the electrons that can be used for bonding.
Valence Electrons -CORRECT ANSWER Electrons in the valence shell.
Physical Model -CORRECT ANSWER -A scale model of something that's either too big or too
small to study in it's regular size.
-Examples: Buildings and Bacteria
Conceptual Model -CORRECT ANSWER -A model used to describe a system, one that
doesn't have a regular shape.
-Examples: Atoms and Weather
physical model -CORRECT ANSWER represents object on a more helpful scale
conceptual model -CORRECT ANSWER represents a system that helps us predict how the
system behaves
nucleon -CORRECT ANSWER protons & neutrons (in the nucleus)
strong nuclear force -CORRECT ANSWER responsible for binding together the fundamental
particles of matter to form larger particles
when would you use a physical model? -CORRECT ANSWER to describe things we can see &
reproduce
, ex. the brain, solar system
when would you use a conceptual model? -CORRECT ANSWER to describe things we
cannot physically see, we just have to predict what it's like
ex. the mind
3 main experiments -CORRECT ANSWER cathode ray experiment
millikan oil drop experiment
gold foil experiment
wavelength -CORRECT ANSWER distance from crest to crest or trough to trough in an
electromagnetic wave
short wavelength= -CORRECT ANSWER high frequency= high energy
long wavelength= -CORRECT ANSWER low frequency= low energy
photon -CORRECT ANSWER particle of light
mass number -CORRECT ANSWER protons & neutrons in an atom (must be given)
atomic number -CORRECT ANSWER number of protons in an element (given on the
periodic table)
isotope -CORRECT ANSWER atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers
EXAM, SOLUTIONS LATEST
VERSION 2025!!
Gamma Rays -CORRECT ANSWER -These rays are pure energy.
-They can travel a very long distance and penetrate thick materials.
-These are the most destructive type of rays.
Beta Particles -CORRECT ANSWER -These are basically just an electron that has been
ejected from the nucleus.
-Just like other electrons, beta particles are attracted to a positively charged plate.
-Decent ability to penetrate materials.
Alpha Decay -CORRECT ANSWER -Releases an alpha particle.
-Two protons and two neutrons.
Critical Mass -CORRECT ANSWER The minimum amount of nuclear material required for
detonation.
Nuclear Fission -CORRECT ANSWER -The splitting of a large nucleus into smaller fragments.
-Generates a tremendous amount of energy.
Half-Life -CORRECT ANSWER -A term used to describe the decay of radioactive material.
-Time required for half of a sample to decay to a stable element.
,Nuclear Fusion -CORRECT ANSWER Produces energy by fusing two small nuclei together
into a larger one.
Strong Nuclear Force -CORRECT ANSWER A short ranged force that draws elemental
particles together.
Atomic Spectrum -CORRECT ANSWER The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic
radiation emitted or absorbed during transitions of electrons between energy levels within an
atom.
Effective Nuclear Charge -CORRECT ANSWER -The total positive charge felt by the outer
electrons.
- (Total number of protons)-(inner shell electrons)
Inner Shell Shielding -CORRECT ANSWER Where inner-shell electrons shield the outer
electrons from part of the attractive force of the nucleus.
Electromagnetic Spectrum -CORRECT ANSWER The range of all types of electromagnetic
radiation.
Ionization Energy -CORRECT ANSWER The energy needed to remove one electron from an
atom.
Electron-Dot Structure -CORRECT ANSWER A way to note the valence shell electrons.
Nonbonding Pair -CORRECT ANSWER Paired electrons that don't generally form bonds.
Polyatomic Ion -CORRECT ANSWER Ions formed from multi atom molecules.
,Molecule -CORRECT ANSWER Typically gain or lose a hydrogen ion (H⁺)
Valence Shell -CORRECT ANSWER Holds the electrons that can be used for bonding.
Valence Electrons -CORRECT ANSWER Electrons in the valence shell.
Physical Model -CORRECT ANSWER -A scale model of something that's either too big or too
small to study in it's regular size.
-Examples: Buildings and Bacteria
Conceptual Model -CORRECT ANSWER -A model used to describe a system, one that
doesn't have a regular shape.
-Examples: Atoms and Weather
physical model -CORRECT ANSWER represents object on a more helpful scale
conceptual model -CORRECT ANSWER represents a system that helps us predict how the
system behaves
nucleon -CORRECT ANSWER protons & neutrons (in the nucleus)
strong nuclear force -CORRECT ANSWER responsible for binding together the fundamental
particles of matter to form larger particles
when would you use a physical model? -CORRECT ANSWER to describe things we can see &
reproduce
, ex. the brain, solar system
when would you use a conceptual model? -CORRECT ANSWER to describe things we
cannot physically see, we just have to predict what it's like
ex. the mind
3 main experiments -CORRECT ANSWER cathode ray experiment
millikan oil drop experiment
gold foil experiment
wavelength -CORRECT ANSWER distance from crest to crest or trough to trough in an
electromagnetic wave
short wavelength= -CORRECT ANSWER high frequency= high energy
long wavelength= -CORRECT ANSWER low frequency= low energy
photon -CORRECT ANSWER particle of light
mass number -CORRECT ANSWER protons & neutrons in an atom (must be given)
atomic number -CORRECT ANSWER number of protons in an element (given on the
periodic table)
isotope -CORRECT ANSWER atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers
