NR 547
Week 4 NR 547 Exam Questions And
Answers Newest Solution
James is a 24-year-old who presents to the clinic with complaints of sleep disturbances. He states that
he is unable to sleep through the night most nights. This has been occurring for the past 4 months.
What additional information will support a diagnosis of insomnia?
James is struggling with staying awake at work and his performance is suffering.
James occasionally uses alcohol in the evenings.
James and his partner have a 6-month-old child who does not sleep through the night. - ANS ✔✔ -
James is struggling with staying awake at work and his performance is suffering.
Rationale: Criteria for insomnia include difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep at least 3 nights a
week for at least 3 months, causing clinically significant distress in important areas of functioning.
Insomnia is not diagnosed when it may be attributable to a substance or when inadequate opportunities
for sleep are present.
The _____________ and __________________ give the penis its erectile, sexual function. - ANS ✔✔ -
three corpora and associated blood vessels
Erectile dysfunction - ANS ✔✔ - AKA impotence
-the inability to get and/or maintain a penile erection that is firm enough for sexual relations
-can be due to physical or psychological causes
• affect any of the areas of the brain, reproductive hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles, and/or blood
vessels that are involved with the phenomenon of erection
• most common physical causes include heart disease, atherosclerosis (clogged blood vessels), high
blood pressure, nerve damage, and stroke
1
, NR 547
• most common psychological causes include stress, anxiety, depression, or communication issues with
the sexual partner
CDC recommends that adults sleep ____ hours per night - ANS ✔✔ - 7-9
The sleep cycle occurs over approximately _________ minutes with _________ distinct stages - ANS ✔✔
- 50-70 minutes
Five distinct stages
Sleep Cycle Stages - ANS ✔✔ - Stage 1: Drowsy
-Short period of non-REM sleep, includes drowsiness & drifting off to sleep; can quickly awaken; eye
movements, breathing, & heart rate slow, but occasional muscle twitches occur
Stage 2: Light Sleep
-Brain activity slows, but brief bursts of electrical activity (sleep spindles) occur; eye movement stops;
more repeated sleep cycles occur in stage 2 than in any other stage.
Stage 3: Moderate to Deep Sleep
-Heartbeat & breathing slow to lowest levels and muscles relax; more challenging to wake; brain waves
slowly, delta waves are present.
Stage 4: Deep Sleep
-Stages 3 and 4 are necessary to feel rested in the morning; brain waves are almost exclusively delta
waves; sleepwalking, if present, occurs during this stage
Stage 5 - REM sleep
-approximately 90 min after sleep begins; eyes move rapidly from side to side with eyes closed;
breathing is irregular and faster than during other stages; heart rate & BP are similar to waking levels;
most dreaming occurs during REM sleep; sleep paralysis can occur; REM sleep decreases with age.
Factors Affecting Sleep - ANS ✔✔ - -Emotional stress
-Fatigue
-Use of drugs or other substance abuse
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, NR 547
-Physical illness
-Environmental factors
-Food and caloric intake
Sleep/wake homeostasis - ANS ✔✔ - the function that tracks the body's need for rest and controls the
amount and intensity of sleep
-affected by light and dark
• If the eyes perceive light, melatonin production is suppressed, leading to wakefulness
Insomnia - ANS ✔✔ - -one of the most common sleep disorders
-dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality with complaints of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
-diagnosis of insomnia requires complaints occurring at least 3 nights a week for 3 months or more
-Persistent insomnia is associated with:
• decreased concentration, attention, and quality of life
• increased irritability
• increased risk of major depressive disorder, hypertension, and myocardial infarction
Hyper somnolence Disorder - ANS ✔✔ - -excessive quantity of sleep, difficulty awakening or staying
awake, and difficulty awakening
-may sleep longer than 9 hours per night but the sleep does not feel restful or restorative
-Daytime naps are common, as are unintentional sleep episodes while reading or watching TV
-Confusion and memory impairment (sleep inertia) common upon awakening
Harry is a 44-year-old who presents with complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness. He sleeps 9-10
hours per night but wakes up feeling groggy and confused. He frequently attends educational seminars
for work, and he finds that he is constantly "drifting off" during the presentations. He falls asleep every
night after dinner while watching television (TV). He denies the use of prescription, over-the-counter, or
illicit drugs, or alcohol other than 1-2 beers every Sunday during football season.
3
Week 4 NR 547 Exam Questions And
Answers Newest Solution
James is a 24-year-old who presents to the clinic with complaints of sleep disturbances. He states that
he is unable to sleep through the night most nights. This has been occurring for the past 4 months.
What additional information will support a diagnosis of insomnia?
James is struggling with staying awake at work and his performance is suffering.
James occasionally uses alcohol in the evenings.
James and his partner have a 6-month-old child who does not sleep through the night. - ANS ✔✔ -
James is struggling with staying awake at work and his performance is suffering.
Rationale: Criteria for insomnia include difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep at least 3 nights a
week for at least 3 months, causing clinically significant distress in important areas of functioning.
Insomnia is not diagnosed when it may be attributable to a substance or when inadequate opportunities
for sleep are present.
The _____________ and __________________ give the penis its erectile, sexual function. - ANS ✔✔ -
three corpora and associated blood vessels
Erectile dysfunction - ANS ✔✔ - AKA impotence
-the inability to get and/or maintain a penile erection that is firm enough for sexual relations
-can be due to physical or psychological causes
• affect any of the areas of the brain, reproductive hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles, and/or blood
vessels that are involved with the phenomenon of erection
• most common physical causes include heart disease, atherosclerosis (clogged blood vessels), high
blood pressure, nerve damage, and stroke
1
, NR 547
• most common psychological causes include stress, anxiety, depression, or communication issues with
the sexual partner
CDC recommends that adults sleep ____ hours per night - ANS ✔✔ - 7-9
The sleep cycle occurs over approximately _________ minutes with _________ distinct stages - ANS ✔✔
- 50-70 minutes
Five distinct stages
Sleep Cycle Stages - ANS ✔✔ - Stage 1: Drowsy
-Short period of non-REM sleep, includes drowsiness & drifting off to sleep; can quickly awaken; eye
movements, breathing, & heart rate slow, but occasional muscle twitches occur
Stage 2: Light Sleep
-Brain activity slows, but brief bursts of electrical activity (sleep spindles) occur; eye movement stops;
more repeated sleep cycles occur in stage 2 than in any other stage.
Stage 3: Moderate to Deep Sleep
-Heartbeat & breathing slow to lowest levels and muscles relax; more challenging to wake; brain waves
slowly, delta waves are present.
Stage 4: Deep Sleep
-Stages 3 and 4 are necessary to feel rested in the morning; brain waves are almost exclusively delta
waves; sleepwalking, if present, occurs during this stage
Stage 5 - REM sleep
-approximately 90 min after sleep begins; eyes move rapidly from side to side with eyes closed;
breathing is irregular and faster than during other stages; heart rate & BP are similar to waking levels;
most dreaming occurs during REM sleep; sleep paralysis can occur; REM sleep decreases with age.
Factors Affecting Sleep - ANS ✔✔ - -Emotional stress
-Fatigue
-Use of drugs or other substance abuse
2
, NR 547
-Physical illness
-Environmental factors
-Food and caloric intake
Sleep/wake homeostasis - ANS ✔✔ - the function that tracks the body's need for rest and controls the
amount and intensity of sleep
-affected by light and dark
• If the eyes perceive light, melatonin production is suppressed, leading to wakefulness
Insomnia - ANS ✔✔ - -one of the most common sleep disorders
-dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality with complaints of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
-diagnosis of insomnia requires complaints occurring at least 3 nights a week for 3 months or more
-Persistent insomnia is associated with:
• decreased concentration, attention, and quality of life
• increased irritability
• increased risk of major depressive disorder, hypertension, and myocardial infarction
Hyper somnolence Disorder - ANS ✔✔ - -excessive quantity of sleep, difficulty awakening or staying
awake, and difficulty awakening
-may sleep longer than 9 hours per night but the sleep does not feel restful or restorative
-Daytime naps are common, as are unintentional sleep episodes while reading or watching TV
-Confusion and memory impairment (sleep inertia) common upon awakening
Harry is a 44-year-old who presents with complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness. He sleeps 9-10
hours per night but wakes up feeling groggy and confused. He frequently attends educational seminars
for work, and he finds that he is constantly "drifting off" during the presentations. He falls asleep every
night after dinner while watching television (TV). He denies the use of prescription, over-the-counter, or
illicit drugs, or alcohol other than 1-2 beers every Sunday during football season.
3
