NSG 100 Introduction to Nursing
Concepts Test #3 2025 COMPLETE
STUDY SYSTEM (Germanna Community
College Verified) | OFFICIAL EXAM
REVIEW with 300+ ACTUAL NCLEX®-
STYLE QUESTIONS & CONCEPT-
BREAKDOWN RATIONALES |
Includes NGN CLINICAL THINKING
EXERCISES + NURSING PROCESS
TEMPLATES + FUNDAMENTALS
CHEAT SHEETS | BONUS: Vital Signs
Interpretation Guide & Therapeutic
Communication Scenarios
, lOMoARcPSD|57630370
NSG 100 WEEK 8
Nutrition
Nutrition is the process by which food and nutrients affect growth and
development, cellular function and repair, health promotion, and
disease prevention.
Nutrition dealienates the requirements as well as the functions of
macro and micro nutrients for optimal physiological functioning.
Metabolism – is the process of chemically changing nutrients such as
fats and proteins into end products that are used to meet the energy
needs of the body or stred for furture use therby helping maintain
homeostasis in the boyd.
Necessary to maintain life and is composed of two major biochemical
processes : anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism – the use of energy to change simple materials into
complex body substances and tissue
Catabolism – the breaking down of substances from complex to
simple resulting in a release of energy.
Cellular metabolism is both hormonal and enzymatic, it allows
proteins carbs and fats to be used for energy made into new products
and made into tissues.
Basal Metabolic Rate - - minimum amount of energy required to
maintain body functions in the resting awake state. Even during rest
or sleep the body requires a certain number of calories to support
critical processes such as cardiac function and breathing.
Defined as the science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact
on health and disease.
, lOMoARcPSD|57630370
Proteins in amino acid form must be present to make new proteins for
tissue growth and repair.
Macro nutrients – the kilocalorie – energy containing nutrients known
as carbohydrates proteins and fats.
Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients – they are required in
minute amounts.
Ultra trace mineral requirements – minerals that are needed in such
small amounts. Phytochemical – plant compound that has
antimicrobial antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune boosting
properties such as lutein – green color of vegetables, lycopene – high
amounts in tomato products resveratrol – found in red grapes and
peanuts.
Nutritional status
• optimal - nutritional status in which all nutrients are
available in balanced amounts for cellular metabolism and
physiological function for the individual.
• Suboptimal – (malnourished state) reflects either insufficient
or excessive quantity or quality of macronutrients or
micronutrients. Can have insufficient or excess nutrition.
Optimal is in the center.
• Malnutrition is excess nutrients or insufficient nutrition.
Macro nutrients
Carbohydrates – primary source of fuel and energy
Protein – facilitates growth and repair of tissues – energy source
Fat – source of fatty acid, necessary for growth and decelopment
and energy
Once digested the villi that line theintestinal tract absorb the nutrients
into the capillaries which are then transported to the vascular system.
Duodenum (upper of small intestine) absorbs trace minerals
Downloaded by TUTOR MEGG ()
, lOMoARcPSD|57630370
Jejunum (middle) absorbs water soluble vitamins and proteins, ( CB,
thiamin riboflavin, niacin, and pyridoxine, pantothenic, biotin,
folate, cobalamin) Ileum (lower section) fat and fat soluble vitamins
(ADEK( Water is absorbed mostly in the colon.
Cellular Metabolism – adequate inatek of mact and micro nutrients
required for optimal cell metabolism. – hormonal and enzymatic
processes that occur within cell structures that allow proteins cabs or
fats to be used for energy or made into new products or tissues.
Proteins must be available for cells to manufacture other proteins
such as carrier proteins to enable tissue growth and repair.
Adequate carb intake provides energy for protein to do its many job.
Hypoalbunemia – lack of carrier protein
Hyperphosphatemia – occurs in ends stage chronic kidney disease
Serum albumin – measures circulating protein in blood low albumin
can reflect protein calorie malnutrition – chronic acute inflammation,
vlood loss, altered fluid status can cause low levels as well and c
reactive protein – useful in identifying inflammation in conjunction
with low serum albumin.
Prealbumin – indicates recent dietary protein intake low prealbumin is
more closed related to nutritional status than albumin is
Albumin – low levels indicate severity of illness and are predictors of
mortality in adults older than 60
Blood glucose – reflects metabolism of carbs, and is generally used to
screen or monitor impairedglucose metabolism.
Hypoglycemia – low blood sugar – may suggest inadequate caloric
intake
Hyperglycemia – may indicate diabetes mellitus or acute illness.
Concepts Test #3 2025 COMPLETE
STUDY SYSTEM (Germanna Community
College Verified) | OFFICIAL EXAM
REVIEW with 300+ ACTUAL NCLEX®-
STYLE QUESTIONS & CONCEPT-
BREAKDOWN RATIONALES |
Includes NGN CLINICAL THINKING
EXERCISES + NURSING PROCESS
TEMPLATES + FUNDAMENTALS
CHEAT SHEETS | BONUS: Vital Signs
Interpretation Guide & Therapeutic
Communication Scenarios
, lOMoARcPSD|57630370
NSG 100 WEEK 8
Nutrition
Nutrition is the process by which food and nutrients affect growth and
development, cellular function and repair, health promotion, and
disease prevention.
Nutrition dealienates the requirements as well as the functions of
macro and micro nutrients for optimal physiological functioning.
Metabolism – is the process of chemically changing nutrients such as
fats and proteins into end products that are used to meet the energy
needs of the body or stred for furture use therby helping maintain
homeostasis in the boyd.
Necessary to maintain life and is composed of two major biochemical
processes : anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism – the use of energy to change simple materials into
complex body substances and tissue
Catabolism – the breaking down of substances from complex to
simple resulting in a release of energy.
Cellular metabolism is both hormonal and enzymatic, it allows
proteins carbs and fats to be used for energy made into new products
and made into tissues.
Basal Metabolic Rate - - minimum amount of energy required to
maintain body functions in the resting awake state. Even during rest
or sleep the body requires a certain number of calories to support
critical processes such as cardiac function and breathing.
Defined as the science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact
on health and disease.
, lOMoARcPSD|57630370
Proteins in amino acid form must be present to make new proteins for
tissue growth and repair.
Macro nutrients – the kilocalorie – energy containing nutrients known
as carbohydrates proteins and fats.
Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients – they are required in
minute amounts.
Ultra trace mineral requirements – minerals that are needed in such
small amounts. Phytochemical – plant compound that has
antimicrobial antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune boosting
properties such as lutein – green color of vegetables, lycopene – high
amounts in tomato products resveratrol – found in red grapes and
peanuts.
Nutritional status
• optimal - nutritional status in which all nutrients are
available in balanced amounts for cellular metabolism and
physiological function for the individual.
• Suboptimal – (malnourished state) reflects either insufficient
or excessive quantity or quality of macronutrients or
micronutrients. Can have insufficient or excess nutrition.
Optimal is in the center.
• Malnutrition is excess nutrients or insufficient nutrition.
Macro nutrients
Carbohydrates – primary source of fuel and energy
Protein – facilitates growth and repair of tissues – energy source
Fat – source of fatty acid, necessary for growth and decelopment
and energy
Once digested the villi that line theintestinal tract absorb the nutrients
into the capillaries which are then transported to the vascular system.
Duodenum (upper of small intestine) absorbs trace minerals
Downloaded by TUTOR MEGG ()
, lOMoARcPSD|57630370
Jejunum (middle) absorbs water soluble vitamins and proteins, ( CB,
thiamin riboflavin, niacin, and pyridoxine, pantothenic, biotin,
folate, cobalamin) Ileum (lower section) fat and fat soluble vitamins
(ADEK( Water is absorbed mostly in the colon.
Cellular Metabolism – adequate inatek of mact and micro nutrients
required for optimal cell metabolism. – hormonal and enzymatic
processes that occur within cell structures that allow proteins cabs or
fats to be used for energy or made into new products or tissues.
Proteins must be available for cells to manufacture other proteins
such as carrier proteins to enable tissue growth and repair.
Adequate carb intake provides energy for protein to do its many job.
Hypoalbunemia – lack of carrier protein
Hyperphosphatemia – occurs in ends stage chronic kidney disease
Serum albumin – measures circulating protein in blood low albumin
can reflect protein calorie malnutrition – chronic acute inflammation,
vlood loss, altered fluid status can cause low levels as well and c
reactive protein – useful in identifying inflammation in conjunction
with low serum albumin.
Prealbumin – indicates recent dietary protein intake low prealbumin is
more closed related to nutritional status than albumin is
Albumin – low levels indicate severity of illness and are predictors of
mortality in adults older than 60
Blood glucose – reflects metabolism of carbs, and is generally used to
screen or monitor impairedglucose metabolism.
Hypoglycemia – low blood sugar – may suggest inadequate caloric
intake
Hyperglycemia – may indicate diabetes mellitus or acute illness.
