Cardiovascular Physiology Exam Questions
with correct answers provided
What does it mean to say blood flow is a "parallel circuit" - ✅✅Blood is allocated to different
locations depending on the body's needs
What occurs in blood flow when going from REST to EXERCISING? - ✅✅Blood flow is redirected
(Majority in digestive tract/liver, goes to skeletal muscle)
What is redirection of blood controlled by? - ✅✅- Arterioles
- Pre-capillary sphincters
Structure of pericardium - ✅✅- Tough inelastic sheath
- Covers heart
- Secretes pericardial fluid for lubrication
Functions of the pericardium - ✅✅- Anchors heart
- Acts as constraint to enable ventricular interaction
Pericarditis - ✅✅Inflammation of the pericardium
What is pericarditis caused by? - ✅✅Viruses, bacteria, or fungi
What occurs in the heart in pericarditis? - ✅✅- Increased capillary permeability
- Fluid accumulation in pericardial cavity
- Restricts heart's movement and filling
,What can pericarditis lead to? - ✅✅Cardiac tamponade: heart unable to pump
Location of coronary arteries - ✅✅Surface of heart
Function of coronary arteries - ✅✅Prevent compression during contraction
General function of ALL heart valves - ✅✅Prevent back-flow of blood
Types of valves in the heart - ✅✅1) Atrioventricular
- Tricuspid
- Mitral/bicuspid
2) Semilunar
- Aortic
- Pulmonary
Function of semilunar valves - ✅✅Prevent backflow from aorta/pulmonary artery back into ventricles
When are semilunar valves open? Closed? - ✅✅- Open during systole (contraction)
- Closed during diastole (filling)
T or F: The 4 valves are never open at the same tim - ✅✅True; BUT they can be closed at the same
time
Function of the atrioventricular valves - ✅✅Prevent backflow from ventricles back to atria
When are the atrioventricular valves open? Closed? - ✅✅- Open during diastolic filling
- Closed during systole (contraction)
, Function of chordae tendinae - ✅✅- Anchor AV valves to papillary muscle
- Prevent eversion of valve (backflow)
What does chordae tendinae do during contraction? - ✅✅Controls tension
Stenosis - ✅✅- Narrowing of heart valve
- Faulty opening (not opening well enough_
- Results in decreased ejection
Example of a condition causing stenosis? - ✅✅Fibrosis
Insufficiency/regurgitation - ✅✅- Faulty closure (not closing well enough)
- Back flow
- Decreased forward ejection
Example of a condition causing regurgitation? - ✅✅Rheumatic heart disease
- Autoimmune
- Develops if strep infection is not treated well (antibiotic incompliance!)
Heart murmurs caused by stenosis - ✅✅- Heard when valve should be OPEN
- Whistling
Heart murmurs caused by insufficiency/regurgitation - ✅✅- Heard when valve should be CLOSED
- Whirring
Treatment option for valve problems? - ✅✅Valve replacemetn
with correct answers provided
What does it mean to say blood flow is a "parallel circuit" - ✅✅Blood is allocated to different
locations depending on the body's needs
What occurs in blood flow when going from REST to EXERCISING? - ✅✅Blood flow is redirected
(Majority in digestive tract/liver, goes to skeletal muscle)
What is redirection of blood controlled by? - ✅✅- Arterioles
- Pre-capillary sphincters
Structure of pericardium - ✅✅- Tough inelastic sheath
- Covers heart
- Secretes pericardial fluid for lubrication
Functions of the pericardium - ✅✅- Anchors heart
- Acts as constraint to enable ventricular interaction
Pericarditis - ✅✅Inflammation of the pericardium
What is pericarditis caused by? - ✅✅Viruses, bacteria, or fungi
What occurs in the heart in pericarditis? - ✅✅- Increased capillary permeability
- Fluid accumulation in pericardial cavity
- Restricts heart's movement and filling
,What can pericarditis lead to? - ✅✅Cardiac tamponade: heart unable to pump
Location of coronary arteries - ✅✅Surface of heart
Function of coronary arteries - ✅✅Prevent compression during contraction
General function of ALL heart valves - ✅✅Prevent back-flow of blood
Types of valves in the heart - ✅✅1) Atrioventricular
- Tricuspid
- Mitral/bicuspid
2) Semilunar
- Aortic
- Pulmonary
Function of semilunar valves - ✅✅Prevent backflow from aorta/pulmonary artery back into ventricles
When are semilunar valves open? Closed? - ✅✅- Open during systole (contraction)
- Closed during diastole (filling)
T or F: The 4 valves are never open at the same tim - ✅✅True; BUT they can be closed at the same
time
Function of the atrioventricular valves - ✅✅Prevent backflow from ventricles back to atria
When are the atrioventricular valves open? Closed? - ✅✅- Open during diastolic filling
- Closed during systole (contraction)
, Function of chordae tendinae - ✅✅- Anchor AV valves to papillary muscle
- Prevent eversion of valve (backflow)
What does chordae tendinae do during contraction? - ✅✅Controls tension
Stenosis - ✅✅- Narrowing of heart valve
- Faulty opening (not opening well enough_
- Results in decreased ejection
Example of a condition causing stenosis? - ✅✅Fibrosis
Insufficiency/regurgitation - ✅✅- Faulty closure (not closing well enough)
- Back flow
- Decreased forward ejection
Example of a condition causing regurgitation? - ✅✅Rheumatic heart disease
- Autoimmune
- Develops if strep infection is not treated well (antibiotic incompliance!)
Heart murmurs caused by stenosis - ✅✅- Heard when valve should be OPEN
- Whistling
Heart murmurs caused by insufficiency/regurgitation - ✅✅- Heard when valve should be CLOSED
- Whirring
Treatment option for valve problems? - ✅✅Valve replacemetn
