"MILESTONES OF THE MIND: PSY 202 THEORIES AND
APPLICATIONS EXAM"
Parsimony - answers✔✔"all other things being equal, the simplest solution is the best." Which
principle does this best describe?
A theory - answers✔✔A statement, or set of statements, that describes general principles
about how variables relate to one another is a ______________
basic research - answers✔✔Research done specifically to add to our general understanding of
psychology is known as ______________.
Empiricism - answers✔✔Psychological scientists base their conclusions on evidence. They
collect and use data to develop, support, or challenge a theory. This approach is known as
____________.
Consult the source of the article (i.e., the original scientific findings) - answers✔✔What is one
way to avoid being misled by journalism reports on scientific research?
the students performance in the attention task - answers✔✔Franchesca read about Mrazek et
al.'s (2013) study in which students scored higher on the GRE after completing a 2-week
mindfulness training course. Franchesca is interested in the idea that practicing mindfulness
improves the ability to control one's mind from wondering. She decides to conduct a similar
study in which she has students practice either mindfulness or read and then take a test of
attention. Franchesca predicts that, in line with the original study, students who had practiced
mindfulness would perform better on the attention test. She runs the study and finds that the
results match her prediction.Which of the following is the data in this study?
,The data supported the theory - answers✔✔Franchesca read about Mrazek et al.'s (2013) study
in which students scored higher on the GRE after completing a 2-week mindfulness training
course. Franchesca is interested in the idea that practicing mindfulness improves the ability to
control one's minds from wondering. She decides to conduct a similar study in which she has
students practice either mindfulness or read and then take a test of attention. Franchesca
predicts that, in line with the original study, students who had practiced mindfulness would
perform better on the attention test. She runs the study and finds that the results match her
prediction.The data matched Franchesca's prediction. What conclusion can Franchesca make?
The theory should be revised. - answers✔✔When the data from a study do not support the
theory behind the study's hypothesis, what does that mean for the theory?
marriage and family counselor - answers✔✔Which of the following is primarily a consumer of
research information?
Daniel's theory cannot be disproven. - answers✔✔Daniel's teacher tells him that his theory
about dating is not strong because it is not falsifiable. What does she mean by this?
Researchers rarely stop at one study; they usually follow up on findings with additional studies. -
answers✔✔Which of the following is true of the research process?
a thermometer - answers✔✔Which of the following could be considered a source of empirical
evidence?
a hypothesis - answers✔✔Seligman (1975, 1991) proposed that animals that cannot escape an
aversive outcome don't even try to avoid the aversive experience later, when they can escape it,
because they don't perceive themselves as having control ("learned helplessness"). Latecia
thinks this concept may apply to people's working conditions. She conducts a study and has 20
research participants work in an office space with some dilapidated supplies (e.g., barely
functional pens, crumpled papers). The participants are split into two rooms. In one work room,
Latecia offers to replace any of the run-down supplies with newer items. In another work room,
,Latecia tells the participants that they have to work with what they have. After a few days of
working with this setup, both groups' work spaces now include the old supplies as well as new
supplies. Latecia predicts that the participants who had to work with the dilapidated supplies
for the first fe
translational research - answers✔✔After reading about Harlow's contact comfort theory, Dr.
Borden wonders if these findings would apply to premature babies in the neonatal intensive
care unit. He designs a study to test whether touch and cuddling could speed up weight gain in
premature babies. What type of research is Dr. Borden's study?
a study investigating whether children of divorced parents are more likely to be divorced
themselves - answers✔✔Which of the following is an example of basic research?
a theory - answers✔✔Seligman (1975, 1991) proposed that animals who cannot escape an
aversive outcome don't even try to avoid the aversive experience later, when they can escape it,
because they don't perceive themselves as having control ("learned helplessness"). Latecia
thinks this concept may apply to people's working conditions. She conducts a study and has 20
research participants work in an office space with some dilapidated supplies (e.g., barely
functional pens, crumpled papers). Some participants are placed in one room and some in
another. In one work room, Latecia offers to replace any of the run-down supplies with newer
items. In another work room, Latecia tells the participants that they have to work with what
they have. After a few days of working with this setup, both groups' work spaces now include
the old supplies as well as new supplies. Latecia predicts that the participants who had to work
with the dilapidated supplie
exaggerating the strength of the findings - answers✔✔Which of the following is a common way
journalists misrepresent science when they write about it for a popular audience?
theory, research questions, research design, hypothesis, data - answers✔✔Which of the
following outlines the correct order of steps in the theory-data cycle?
, Publishing in psychology involves a peer-review process - answers✔✔Which of the following is
true of publishing in the field of psychology?
parsimonious, falsifiable, and supported by data - answers✔✔Some theories are better than
others. What are the features of a good theory?
He could design and execute a study that measures short-term memory function following
different amounts of sleep. - answers✔✔Dimitri is interested in understanding the effects of
sleep deprivation on short-term memory. Which of the following is an empirical approach
Dimitri could take to answer this question?
the peer-review process - answers✔✔Franchesca read about Mrazek et al.'s (2013) study in
which students scored higher on the GRE after completing a 2-week mindfulness training
course. Franchesca is interested in the idea that practicing mindfulness improves the ability to
control one's mind from wondering. She decides to conduct a similar study in which she has
students practice either mindfulness or read and then take a test of attention. Franchesca
predicts that, in line with the original study, students who had practiced mindfulness would
perform better on the attention test. She runs the study and finds that the results match her
prediction.Franchesca writes up her experiment and submits it to a journal to be evaluated by
fellow scientists for publication. What is this process called?
Scientific journals are peer reviewed. - answers✔✔Which of the following characteristics sets
scientific journals apart from magazines?
the theory-data cycle - answers✔✔Franchesca read about Mrazek et al.'s (2013) study in which
students scored higher on the GRE after completing a 2-week mindfulness training course.
Franchesca is interested in the idea that practicing mindfulness improves the ability to control
one's mind from wondering. She decides to conduct a similar study in which she has students
practice either mindfulness or read and then take a test of attention. Franchesca predicts that,
in line with the original study, students who had practiced mindfulness would perform better on
the attention test. She runs the study and finds that the results match her
prediction.Franchesca's process of conducting a study to evaluate whether the effects of
APPLICATIONS EXAM"
Parsimony - answers✔✔"all other things being equal, the simplest solution is the best." Which
principle does this best describe?
A theory - answers✔✔A statement, or set of statements, that describes general principles
about how variables relate to one another is a ______________
basic research - answers✔✔Research done specifically to add to our general understanding of
psychology is known as ______________.
Empiricism - answers✔✔Psychological scientists base their conclusions on evidence. They
collect and use data to develop, support, or challenge a theory. This approach is known as
____________.
Consult the source of the article (i.e., the original scientific findings) - answers✔✔What is one
way to avoid being misled by journalism reports on scientific research?
the students performance in the attention task - answers✔✔Franchesca read about Mrazek et
al.'s (2013) study in which students scored higher on the GRE after completing a 2-week
mindfulness training course. Franchesca is interested in the idea that practicing mindfulness
improves the ability to control one's mind from wondering. She decides to conduct a similar
study in which she has students practice either mindfulness or read and then take a test of
attention. Franchesca predicts that, in line with the original study, students who had practiced
mindfulness would perform better on the attention test. She runs the study and finds that the
results match her prediction.Which of the following is the data in this study?
,The data supported the theory - answers✔✔Franchesca read about Mrazek et al.'s (2013) study
in which students scored higher on the GRE after completing a 2-week mindfulness training
course. Franchesca is interested in the idea that practicing mindfulness improves the ability to
control one's minds from wondering. She decides to conduct a similar study in which she has
students practice either mindfulness or read and then take a test of attention. Franchesca
predicts that, in line with the original study, students who had practiced mindfulness would
perform better on the attention test. She runs the study and finds that the results match her
prediction.The data matched Franchesca's prediction. What conclusion can Franchesca make?
The theory should be revised. - answers✔✔When the data from a study do not support the
theory behind the study's hypothesis, what does that mean for the theory?
marriage and family counselor - answers✔✔Which of the following is primarily a consumer of
research information?
Daniel's theory cannot be disproven. - answers✔✔Daniel's teacher tells him that his theory
about dating is not strong because it is not falsifiable. What does she mean by this?
Researchers rarely stop at one study; they usually follow up on findings with additional studies. -
answers✔✔Which of the following is true of the research process?
a thermometer - answers✔✔Which of the following could be considered a source of empirical
evidence?
a hypothesis - answers✔✔Seligman (1975, 1991) proposed that animals that cannot escape an
aversive outcome don't even try to avoid the aversive experience later, when they can escape it,
because they don't perceive themselves as having control ("learned helplessness"). Latecia
thinks this concept may apply to people's working conditions. She conducts a study and has 20
research participants work in an office space with some dilapidated supplies (e.g., barely
functional pens, crumpled papers). The participants are split into two rooms. In one work room,
Latecia offers to replace any of the run-down supplies with newer items. In another work room,
,Latecia tells the participants that they have to work with what they have. After a few days of
working with this setup, both groups' work spaces now include the old supplies as well as new
supplies. Latecia predicts that the participants who had to work with the dilapidated supplies
for the first fe
translational research - answers✔✔After reading about Harlow's contact comfort theory, Dr.
Borden wonders if these findings would apply to premature babies in the neonatal intensive
care unit. He designs a study to test whether touch and cuddling could speed up weight gain in
premature babies. What type of research is Dr. Borden's study?
a study investigating whether children of divorced parents are more likely to be divorced
themselves - answers✔✔Which of the following is an example of basic research?
a theory - answers✔✔Seligman (1975, 1991) proposed that animals who cannot escape an
aversive outcome don't even try to avoid the aversive experience later, when they can escape it,
because they don't perceive themselves as having control ("learned helplessness"). Latecia
thinks this concept may apply to people's working conditions. She conducts a study and has 20
research participants work in an office space with some dilapidated supplies (e.g., barely
functional pens, crumpled papers). Some participants are placed in one room and some in
another. In one work room, Latecia offers to replace any of the run-down supplies with newer
items. In another work room, Latecia tells the participants that they have to work with what
they have. After a few days of working with this setup, both groups' work spaces now include
the old supplies as well as new supplies. Latecia predicts that the participants who had to work
with the dilapidated supplie
exaggerating the strength of the findings - answers✔✔Which of the following is a common way
journalists misrepresent science when they write about it for a popular audience?
theory, research questions, research design, hypothesis, data - answers✔✔Which of the
following outlines the correct order of steps in the theory-data cycle?
, Publishing in psychology involves a peer-review process - answers✔✔Which of the following is
true of publishing in the field of psychology?
parsimonious, falsifiable, and supported by data - answers✔✔Some theories are better than
others. What are the features of a good theory?
He could design and execute a study that measures short-term memory function following
different amounts of sleep. - answers✔✔Dimitri is interested in understanding the effects of
sleep deprivation on short-term memory. Which of the following is an empirical approach
Dimitri could take to answer this question?
the peer-review process - answers✔✔Franchesca read about Mrazek et al.'s (2013) study in
which students scored higher on the GRE after completing a 2-week mindfulness training
course. Franchesca is interested in the idea that practicing mindfulness improves the ability to
control one's mind from wondering. She decides to conduct a similar study in which she has
students practice either mindfulness or read and then take a test of attention. Franchesca
predicts that, in line with the original study, students who had practiced mindfulness would
perform better on the attention test. She runs the study and finds that the results match her
prediction.Franchesca writes up her experiment and submits it to a journal to be evaluated by
fellow scientists for publication. What is this process called?
Scientific journals are peer reviewed. - answers✔✔Which of the following characteristics sets
scientific journals apart from magazines?
the theory-data cycle - answers✔✔Franchesca read about Mrazek et al.'s (2013) study in which
students scored higher on the GRE after completing a 2-week mindfulness training course.
Franchesca is interested in the idea that practicing mindfulness improves the ability to control
one's mind from wondering. She decides to conduct a similar study in which she has students
practice either mindfulness or read and then take a test of attention. Franchesca predicts that,
in line with the original study, students who had practiced mindfulness would perform better on
the attention test. She runs the study and finds that the results match her
prediction.Franchesca's process of conducting a study to evaluate whether the effects of
