NASM CPT EXAM LATEST (2025) COMPLETE
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nervous system communication network within the body.
1. sensory: changes in the environment
nervous system functions 2. integrative: analyze and interpret
3. motor: the neuromuscular response
Central nervous system brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of the body
(CNS)
nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body
and environment.
Peripheral nervous system subdivisions:
(PNS) - somatic
- autonomic
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
- apart of the PNS
Somatic - serves outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle;
voluntary
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- apart of the PNS
- involuntary systems (e.g., heart, digestion).
Autonomic
subdivisions:
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
- apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
Parasympathetic
- decreases activation during rest and recovery.
- apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
Sympathetic
- increases activation to prep for activity.
functional unit of the nervous
system.
neuron
- motor (efferent)
- sensory (afferent)
- efferent
motor neurons
- transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites.
- afferent
sensory neurons - respond to stimuli; transmit nerve impulses from
effector sites to CNS.
mechanoreceptors sense distortion in body tissues.
respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration
Joint receptors
of joints.
Golgi tendon organs sense changes in muscular tension.
(GTO)
Muscle spindles sense changes in muscle length.
connect muscle to bone;
provide anchor for muscles to
Tendons
produce force.
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outer layer of connective tissue
surrounding a muscle.
Fascia
bundle of individual muscle
fibers.
Fascicles
cellular components and
myofibrils encased in a plasma
Muscle fiber
membrane.
produces muscular contraction;
repeating sections of actin and
Sarcomere
myosin.
thick and thin filaments slide
past one another, shortening
Sliding filament theory
the entire sarcomere.
- slow twitch
Type I muscle tissue
- smaller size; fatigue slowly.
- fast twitch
Type II muscle tissue - larger size; quick to produce maximal tension;
fatigue quickly.
one motor neuron and the
muscle fibers it connects with.
Motor unit
contraction of a muscle generated by neural
Neural activation
stimulation.
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chemical messengers that
transport impulses from nerve
Neurotransmitters
to muscle.
attach directly to vertebrae.
Consists of: transverse
Local stabilization system abdominis, internal oblique,
multifidus, pelvic floor,
diaphragm.
attach from pelvis to spine.
Consists of: quadratus
lumborum, psoas major,
Global stabilization system external oblique, rectus
abdominis, gluteus medius,
adductor complex, portions of
internal oblique.
attach spine and/or pelvis to extremities. Consists of:
Movement system latissimus dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex,
quadriceps.
skull, rib cage, and vertebral
column.
Axial skeleton
upper and lower extremities,
shoulder and pelvic girdles.
Appendicular skeleton
supports, protects, allows bodily movement,
Skeletal system functions
produces blood, stores minerals.
lattened or indented portions of abone;can be
Skeletal depressions
muscle attachment sites.
projection protruding from a bone; muscles, tendons,
Skeletal Processes
and ligaments can attach.
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