GENERAL
BIOLOGY 1
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, BIOLOGY
Lesson 1.1
BIOLOGY
— study of life (living organism) and interaction to the environment
— The science which deals with the study of living objects and their life processes is called biology
GREEK WORDS
• BIOS – life
• LOGOS - study
Characteristic and genetic materials, internal structure, and roles
THREE MAJOR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
▪ BOTANY – is the branch of biology which deals with the study of different aspects of plants.
THEOPHRASTUS is known as the father of Botany
▪ ZOOLOGY – is the branch of biology connected with the study of different aspects of animals.
ARISTOTLE is known as the father of Zoology
▪ MICROBIOLOGY – is the branch of biology dealing with the study of different aspects of
microorganism. LEEUWENHOEK is the known as the father of Microbiology.
Father of Early Microbiology - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Father of Modern Microbiology - Louise Pasteur
Why Leeuwenhoek? He discovered animalus in the pond. He made microscope then he observed the
organism in the water.
AMEOBA – eukaryotic organism which lives in water
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM
16 MAIN BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
1. TAXONOMY – it is the science of identification (or naming), nomenclature, and classification of
organism.
HIERARCHY OF BIOLOGY CLASSIFICATION
o SPECIES
o GENUS
o FAMILY
o ORDER
o CLASS
o PHYLUM
o KINGDOM
,CARL LINNAEUS – who discovered/made taxonomy.
What to do when discovering not discovered species?
1. Before naming the species, check its characteristics (behavior, texture, color, habitat)
2. If no one discover to that species, you can name it using BINOMIAL NOMECLATURE
(genus and species, example: name who discover + scientific name of species)
2. MORPHOLOGY -it is the study of external form, size, shape, color, structure, and relative position
of various living organ of living beings.
▪ DICOT – 2 (example: 2 seeds)
▪ MONOCOT – 1 (example: 1 seed)
▪ POLYCOT – (example: corn)
3. ANATOMY – it is the study of internal structure which can be observed with unaided eye after
dissection. (focus on parts) (connected with physiology)
4. HISTOLOGY – it is the study of tissue organization and structure as observed through light
microscope.
PATHOLOGISTS – scientist who study tissues
5. CYTOLOGY – it is the study of form and structure of cells including the behavior of nucleus and
other organelles
6. CELL BIOLOGY – it is the study of morphological, organizational, biochemical, physiological,
genetic, developmental, pathological, and evolutionary aspects of cell and its components.
CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES – if the cell division is not appropriate even missing 1
chromosome.
7. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY -it is the study of the nature, physicochemical organization, synthesis
working and interaction of bio-molecular that bring about and control various activities of the
protoplasm.
How ribosome, mitochondria help to our cell?
8. PHYSIOLOGY – it is the study of different types of body functions and process. (focused on
functions) (connected to anatomy)
9. EMBRYOLOGY – it is the study of fertilization, growth, division, and differentiation of the zygote
into embryo or early development of living beings before the attainment of structure and size of the
offspring.
2 Parts of Cell Division – MITOSIS and MIOSIS
10. ECOLOGY – it is the study of living organism is relation to other organism and their environment.
(under food web)
11. GENETICS – it is the study of inheritance of characters or heredity and variations. HEREDITY is the
study of expression and transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
, FATHER OF GENETICS – GREGOR MENDEL, he studied different kind of flowers (one of
them is pea plant)
12. EUGENICS – it is the science which deals with factors related to improvement or impairment of race,
especially that of human beings.
13. EVOLUTION – it studies the origin of life as well as new types or organism form the previous ones
by modifications involving genetic change and adaption.
Charles Darwin – Natural Selection
Evidence of evolution - coccyx
14. PALAEONTOLOGY – it delas with the study of fossils or remains and impressions of past organisms
present in the rocks of different ages.
Carbon Dating-14
Radioactive Component
Isotopes
15. EXOBIOLOGY - it is the branch of scientific inquiry dealing with the possibility of life in the outer
space.
PANSPERMIA – microorganism originated from outer space.
16. VIROLOGY – it is the study of viruses in all their aspects.
150 FIELDS OD BIOLOGY
Lesson 1.2
1. SCIENCE – organized form of knowledge or systematic knowledge i.e. knowledge through process.
2. BIOLOGY – the branch of science which deals with the study of living beings
3. ZOOLOGY – the branch of science which deals with the study of animals
4. MORPHOLOGY – the branch of science which deals with the study of total general structures and
forms including shape, size, and appearance.
5. ANATOMY – the branch of science which deals with the study of internal structures after cutting or
dissection.
6. HISTOLOGY – the branch of science which deals with the study of tissue i.e. microscopic anatomy.
7. CYTOLOGY – the branch of science which deals with study of cells and their organelles.
8. ACARIOLOGY – study of tics and mites
9. ACTINOBIOLOY- the branch of science which deals with the study of radiation effects on organism.
10. AERIBIOLOGY – study of flying organisms.
BIOLOGY 1
Disclaimer: My notes are my intellectual property, and unauthorized distribution or selling of them is strictly prohibited. Let's respect each
other's work and rights. While sharing my notes with friends or classmates for personal study purposes is generally allowed, mass-producing
or selling them without my permission is not permitted. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation.
Facebook: John Jason Sebastian | email:
, BIOLOGY
Lesson 1.1
BIOLOGY
— study of life (living organism) and interaction to the environment
— The science which deals with the study of living objects and their life processes is called biology
GREEK WORDS
• BIOS – life
• LOGOS - study
Characteristic and genetic materials, internal structure, and roles
THREE MAJOR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
▪ BOTANY – is the branch of biology which deals with the study of different aspects of plants.
THEOPHRASTUS is known as the father of Botany
▪ ZOOLOGY – is the branch of biology connected with the study of different aspects of animals.
ARISTOTLE is known as the father of Zoology
▪ MICROBIOLOGY – is the branch of biology dealing with the study of different aspects of
microorganism. LEEUWENHOEK is the known as the father of Microbiology.
Father of Early Microbiology - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Father of Modern Microbiology - Louise Pasteur
Why Leeuwenhoek? He discovered animalus in the pond. He made microscope then he observed the
organism in the water.
AMEOBA – eukaryotic organism which lives in water
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM
16 MAIN BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
1. TAXONOMY – it is the science of identification (or naming), nomenclature, and classification of
organism.
HIERARCHY OF BIOLOGY CLASSIFICATION
o SPECIES
o GENUS
o FAMILY
o ORDER
o CLASS
o PHYLUM
o KINGDOM
,CARL LINNAEUS – who discovered/made taxonomy.
What to do when discovering not discovered species?
1. Before naming the species, check its characteristics (behavior, texture, color, habitat)
2. If no one discover to that species, you can name it using BINOMIAL NOMECLATURE
(genus and species, example: name who discover + scientific name of species)
2. MORPHOLOGY -it is the study of external form, size, shape, color, structure, and relative position
of various living organ of living beings.
▪ DICOT – 2 (example: 2 seeds)
▪ MONOCOT – 1 (example: 1 seed)
▪ POLYCOT – (example: corn)
3. ANATOMY – it is the study of internal structure which can be observed with unaided eye after
dissection. (focus on parts) (connected with physiology)
4. HISTOLOGY – it is the study of tissue organization and structure as observed through light
microscope.
PATHOLOGISTS – scientist who study tissues
5. CYTOLOGY – it is the study of form and structure of cells including the behavior of nucleus and
other organelles
6. CELL BIOLOGY – it is the study of morphological, organizational, biochemical, physiological,
genetic, developmental, pathological, and evolutionary aspects of cell and its components.
CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES – if the cell division is not appropriate even missing 1
chromosome.
7. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY -it is the study of the nature, physicochemical organization, synthesis
working and interaction of bio-molecular that bring about and control various activities of the
protoplasm.
How ribosome, mitochondria help to our cell?
8. PHYSIOLOGY – it is the study of different types of body functions and process. (focused on
functions) (connected to anatomy)
9. EMBRYOLOGY – it is the study of fertilization, growth, division, and differentiation of the zygote
into embryo or early development of living beings before the attainment of structure and size of the
offspring.
2 Parts of Cell Division – MITOSIS and MIOSIS
10. ECOLOGY – it is the study of living organism is relation to other organism and their environment.
(under food web)
11. GENETICS – it is the study of inheritance of characters or heredity and variations. HEREDITY is the
study of expression and transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
, FATHER OF GENETICS – GREGOR MENDEL, he studied different kind of flowers (one of
them is pea plant)
12. EUGENICS – it is the science which deals with factors related to improvement or impairment of race,
especially that of human beings.
13. EVOLUTION – it studies the origin of life as well as new types or organism form the previous ones
by modifications involving genetic change and adaption.
Charles Darwin – Natural Selection
Evidence of evolution - coccyx
14. PALAEONTOLOGY – it delas with the study of fossils or remains and impressions of past organisms
present in the rocks of different ages.
Carbon Dating-14
Radioactive Component
Isotopes
15. EXOBIOLOGY - it is the branch of scientific inquiry dealing with the possibility of life in the outer
space.
PANSPERMIA – microorganism originated from outer space.
16. VIROLOGY – it is the study of viruses in all their aspects.
150 FIELDS OD BIOLOGY
Lesson 1.2
1. SCIENCE – organized form of knowledge or systematic knowledge i.e. knowledge through process.
2. BIOLOGY – the branch of science which deals with the study of living beings
3. ZOOLOGY – the branch of science which deals with the study of animals
4. MORPHOLOGY – the branch of science which deals with the study of total general structures and
forms including shape, size, and appearance.
5. ANATOMY – the branch of science which deals with the study of internal structures after cutting or
dissection.
6. HISTOLOGY – the branch of science which deals with the study of tissue i.e. microscopic anatomy.
7. CYTOLOGY – the branch of science which deals with study of cells and their organelles.
8. ACARIOLOGY – study of tics and mites
9. ACTINOBIOLOY- the branch of science which deals with the study of radiation effects on organism.
10. AERIBIOLOGY – study of flying organisms.
