ISB 202: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
– EXAM PAPER
application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease -
answers✔✔Darwinian medicine
The process of grouping organisms based on multiple shared characteristics or traits -
answers✔✔Phylogenetic analysis
Physiological mechanism
Ontogeny
Phylogeny
Adaptive Function - answers✔✔Levels of explanation
physiological causation - answers✔✔Physiological mechanism
changes over lifespan= - answers✔✔Ontongeny
Changes over evolution - answers✔✔Phylogeny
Survival value (Selection Pressures) - answers✔✔Adaptive Function
, Physiological - cause of skin pigmentation differences Ontogeny -changes in skin pignmentation
within life of organism
Phylogenetic - history of dark skin in great apes and other mammals
Adaptive function - of dark (and light) skin pigmentation Adaptive tradeoff - advantage of dark
skin; advantage of light skin - answers✔✔How study of skin pigmentation is explained by the
multiple levels of explanation
Crossing over during meiosis
Alleles under positive selection will increase in frequency in population - answers✔✔How can
researchers detect parts of genome that may have been under intense positive selection?
Malaria immune - answers✔✔Sickle cell
Inherited, recessive allele in gene for chloride channel - affects ion balance in mucus producing
cells - answers✔✔Cystic fibrosis
Humans the only mammal to have predominantly Lactose tolerant population -
answers✔✔Lactose intolerance (vs lactase persistence)
Heterozygote advantage hypothesis: mutation reduces fluid loss in diarrhea - answers✔✔Why
hasn't natural selection removed Cystic Fibrosis?
A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, the hormone required for
the metabolism of sugar - answers✔✔Diabetes
Type 1 and Type 2 - answers✔✔What are the two types of diabetes?
Insulin not produced - answers✔✔Type 1 Diabetes
– EXAM PAPER
application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease -
answers✔✔Darwinian medicine
The process of grouping organisms based on multiple shared characteristics or traits -
answers✔✔Phylogenetic analysis
Physiological mechanism
Ontogeny
Phylogeny
Adaptive Function - answers✔✔Levels of explanation
physiological causation - answers✔✔Physiological mechanism
changes over lifespan= - answers✔✔Ontongeny
Changes over evolution - answers✔✔Phylogeny
Survival value (Selection Pressures) - answers✔✔Adaptive Function
, Physiological - cause of skin pigmentation differences Ontogeny -changes in skin pignmentation
within life of organism
Phylogenetic - history of dark skin in great apes and other mammals
Adaptive function - of dark (and light) skin pigmentation Adaptive tradeoff - advantage of dark
skin; advantage of light skin - answers✔✔How study of skin pigmentation is explained by the
multiple levels of explanation
Crossing over during meiosis
Alleles under positive selection will increase in frequency in population - answers✔✔How can
researchers detect parts of genome that may have been under intense positive selection?
Malaria immune - answers✔✔Sickle cell
Inherited, recessive allele in gene for chloride channel - affects ion balance in mucus producing
cells - answers✔✔Cystic fibrosis
Humans the only mammal to have predominantly Lactose tolerant population -
answers✔✔Lactose intolerance (vs lactase persistence)
Heterozygote advantage hypothesis: mutation reduces fluid loss in diarrhea - answers✔✔Why
hasn't natural selection removed Cystic Fibrosis?
A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, the hormone required for
the metabolism of sugar - answers✔✔Diabetes
Type 1 and Type 2 - answers✔✔What are the two types of diabetes?
Insulin not produced - answers✔✔Type 1 Diabetes
