CWCN
Complete Test Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
,1. A 68-year-old paraplegic patient presents with a sacral ulcer exposing
subcutaneous fat but not muscle. According to NPUAP/EPUAP, this is:
A. Stage II pressure injury
B. Stage III pressure injury
C. Stage IV pressure injury
D. Unstageable pressure injury
ANS: B
Rationale: Stage III injuries involve full-thickness skin loss exposing
subcutaneous tissue without bone, tendon, or muscle exposure.
2. A 55-year-old diabetic has a plantar foot ulcer penetrating to bone.
Using the Wagner scale, this is Grade:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
ANS: C
Rationale: Wagner Grade 3 denotes deep ulcer with osteomyelitis or
abscess (penetration to bone).
3. A 62-year-old woman with chronic venous insufficiency has an ulcer at
the gaiter area with sloping edges and hemosiderin staining. The CEAP
classification for her disease would be:
A. C2
B. C3
C. C4b
D. C6
ANS: D
Rationale: C6 indicates active venous ulcer; hemosiderin and sloping
edges are signs of advanced venous disease.
2
, 4. On dermal ultrasound, a chronic wound bed shows areas of
hypoechoic pockets indicating fluid collections under the skin. This
finding best corresponds to:
A. Biofilm formation
B. Edema or seroma
C. Granulation tissue
D. Hyperkeratosis
ANS: B
Rationale: Hypoechoic pockets on ultrasound signify fluid
(edema/seroma) under the wound surface.
5. A wound bed appears pale and fibrotic with minimal perfusion on laser
Doppler imaging. Which aspect of wound assessment is directly
evaluated by this tool?
A. Bacterial bioburden
B. Blood flow and perfusion
C. Biofilm architecture
D. Exudate volume
ANS: B
Rationale: Laser Doppler imaging quantifies microvascular blood flow,
assisting perfusion assessment.
---
Section II: Wound Bed Preparation (TIME Framework)
6. In the TIME concept, ‘I’ stands for Infection/Inflammation. Which
finding most reliably indicates the need to address this component?
A. Fibrotic slough
B. Elevated wound pH (>8)
C. Excessive serous exudate
D. Skin maceration
3
Complete Test Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
,1. A 68-year-old paraplegic patient presents with a sacral ulcer exposing
subcutaneous fat but not muscle. According to NPUAP/EPUAP, this is:
A. Stage II pressure injury
B. Stage III pressure injury
C. Stage IV pressure injury
D. Unstageable pressure injury
ANS: B
Rationale: Stage III injuries involve full-thickness skin loss exposing
subcutaneous tissue without bone, tendon, or muscle exposure.
2. A 55-year-old diabetic has a plantar foot ulcer penetrating to bone.
Using the Wagner scale, this is Grade:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
ANS: C
Rationale: Wagner Grade 3 denotes deep ulcer with osteomyelitis or
abscess (penetration to bone).
3. A 62-year-old woman with chronic venous insufficiency has an ulcer at
the gaiter area with sloping edges and hemosiderin staining. The CEAP
classification for her disease would be:
A. C2
B. C3
C. C4b
D. C6
ANS: D
Rationale: C6 indicates active venous ulcer; hemosiderin and sloping
edges are signs of advanced venous disease.
2
, 4. On dermal ultrasound, a chronic wound bed shows areas of
hypoechoic pockets indicating fluid collections under the skin. This
finding best corresponds to:
A. Biofilm formation
B. Edema or seroma
C. Granulation tissue
D. Hyperkeratosis
ANS: B
Rationale: Hypoechoic pockets on ultrasound signify fluid
(edema/seroma) under the wound surface.
5. A wound bed appears pale and fibrotic with minimal perfusion on laser
Doppler imaging. Which aspect of wound assessment is directly
evaluated by this tool?
A. Bacterial bioburden
B. Blood flow and perfusion
C. Biofilm architecture
D. Exudate volume
ANS: B
Rationale: Laser Doppler imaging quantifies microvascular blood flow,
assisting perfusion assessment.
---
Section II: Wound Bed Preparation (TIME Framework)
6. In the TIME concept, ‘I’ stands for Infection/Inflammation. Which
finding most reliably indicates the need to address this component?
A. Fibrotic slough
B. Elevated wound pH (>8)
C. Excessive serous exudate
D. Skin maceration
3
