MGT-441-OL01 Midterm Exam, Complete questions and answers; 100% Correct Updated 2025/26.

MGT-441-OL01 Midterm Exam, Complete questions and answers; 100% Correct Updated 2025/26. Question 1 Which of the following needs to be done by unions to achieve gains? • Encourage the purchase and sale of investors’ shares • Decrease the intellectual content of jobs • Provide limited liability to individual investors • Exert bargaining power through some degree of labor supply control Question 2 Which of the following is true about shareholders? • Operational decisions are made by workers hired by the shareholders. • Shareholders who are dissatisfied with corporate performance cannot sell their shares or combine with others to oust the current board and its managers. • Shareholders may decide, collectively, to sell their interests to another company that seeks to acquire its assets. • Large corporations consist of a single shareholder, who participates in the corporation’s day-to-day business. Question 3 Which of the following factors is responsible for the decline in unionized employment, in both the proportion and number of workers? • A shift from services toward manufacturing • An overall increase in union organizing activity • The decreasing intellectual content of jobs • The globalization of manufacturing Question 4 Which of the following is a reason behind employers’ choice of complete freedom to alter the terms and conditions of employment in their workplaces? • Recede from the attainment of organizational goals • Maximize returns on investment • Eliminate their responsibilities to shareholders • Maximize control on employees Question 5 How did Knights of Labor leaders’ goals diUer from the new members’ goals? • The leaders favored an incremental collective bargaining approach. • The leaders believed in “rational” processes for achieving ultimate objectives. • The leaders emphasized using strikes as weapons to pressurize employers. • The leaders’ goals were focused toward immediate results. Question 6 In the Danbury Hatters case, the union was charged with conspiring to restrain trade in violation of the __________. • Landrum-GriUin Act • Norris-LaGuardia Act • Sherman Antitrust Act • Taft-Hartley Act Question 7 Which act, adopted in 1933, encouraged employers to band together to set prices and production quotas through industrial codes? • The Taft-Hartley Act • The Norris-LaGuardia Act • The National Industrial Recovery Act • The Industrial Disputes Act Question 8 As the NIRA safeguards for unions were lost, the __________ re-secured organizing rights and specified employer illegal activities. • Wagner Act • Norris-LaGuardia Act • Taft-Hartley Act • Landrum-GriUin Act Question 9 What led to a decline in the Knights of Labor’s membership in 1893? • The conflict with the Roman Catholic Church over the rule that Catholics were prohibited from joining the Knights • The leaders’ emphasis on the use of strikes rather than arbitration in the labor movement • The leaders’ short-run perspective of satisfying day-to-day grievances but ignoring long-term issues • DiUerences in opinion between the leaders and the general membership of the union Question 10 Under the Wagner and Taft-Harley Acts, unions cannot demand or require that an employer take action against an employee for any reason except: • failure to be part of a strike. • failure to attend a union meeting. • nonparticipation in the yellow-dog contract. • failure to pay union dues. Question 11 Which 1936 act makes it illegal to recruit and/or transport individuals across state lines for the purpose of interfering forcefully or threateningly with peaceful picketing or the right to self-organization? • Norris-LaGuardia Act • Copeland Anti-Kickback Act • Byrnes Act • Wagner and Taft-Hartley Acts Question 12 Which act was passed to deter corruption by requiring the forfeiture of illegal gains? • Norris-LaGuardia Act • Byrnes Act • Copeland Anti-Kickback Act • Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act Question 13 The __________ regulates pension and benefit programs and requires that employers adequately fund established plans. • Employee Retirement Income Security Act • Workers’ Compensation Act • Fair Labor Standards Act • Federal Unemployment Tax Act Question 14 Most national unions elect oUicers at/from their __________, which are legally required to meet at least every five years. • negotiation committees • executive committees • independent local unions • conventions Question 15 In __________ elections, incumbents are usually reelected unless the rank and file believes a critical issue has been mishandled. • local union • AFL-CIO • national • municipal Question 16 What is the major goal of national unions? • Enhancing economic gains of the management • Bringing the AFL-CIO under their wing • Providing representation services to enhance management well-being • Organizing an increasing number and share of the labor force Question 17 Many collective bargaining contracts recognize the vulnerability of the steward’s advocative position by according it __________. • absolute authority • super-seniority • discretionary superiority • free riding status Question 18 Under __________ requirements, the union must apply the terms of contract equally to all bargaining-unit employees. • negotiation committee • exclusive representation • super-seniority • mandatory bargaining Question 19 Which of the following is true about stewards? • Private sector stewards often have less power than those in the public sector. • Stewards gain power from formal rights in the contract. • Stewards who are committed to union goals have more role conflict between their positions as employees and union representatives than do individuals who are stewards for personal reasons. • Stewards are responsible to higher union oUicers for communicating information and leaders’ positions to work-unit members. Question 20 How can economic gains be secured? • By allowing employers to pass labor costs increases on to consumers • By disallowing the formation of independent labor unions • By increasing wages and competitive labor costs much faster than employee productivity • By allowing only a fixed number of employees to join labor unions Question 21 Unions oppose the importation of goods and services that were produced in __________. • free trade areas • free economic zones • sweat shop conditions • oUshore locations Question 22 __________ commitment to the union was predicted by low economic outcomes, perceived involvement in the union, and lack of support from the employer. • Unilateral • Parallel • Incorrect Response • Dual Question 23 If an employment agency supplies temporary employees to another and both can fire, discipline, change wages, and so on, then they are __________. • business agents • stewards • following unfair labor practices • joint employers Question 24 Which of the following conducts the secret-ballot elections for unions? • The NLRB • The state government • The AFL • The NMB Question 25 Which of the following is true regarding solicitation by any organization? • All employers allow solicitations by any organization on company property or on company time. • Nonemployee organizers can, in most instances, be barred from soliciting on company property. • Employee organizers cannot solicit fellow workers on company premises even if it is clearly shown that solicitation interferes with production. • No-solicitation rules strictly apply to all employees. Question 26 The employer frequently contests the makeup of a(n) __________, requiring the NLRB to decide which employees should be included. • secret ballot ruling • Excelsior list • corporate campaign • appropriate bargaining unit Question 27 Which of the following is true of successor organizations? • When a closed firm is reopened by new owners, the bargaining relationship continues if a majority of the employees worked for the former company and were in a represented unit. • A firm that acquires or merges with another firm need not honor the existing contractual obligations. • Where operations continue but, because of layoUs and/or new hires, the union lacks a majority, the employer has to strictly honor a contract. • Where ownership changes but operations continue unchanged, the new owner must honor the existing contract but need not recognize the union. Question 28 How did deregulation aUect the airline industry? • Pilots found alternative jobs in their occupation in other industries. • Pilots’ salaries increased substantially. • It had a relatively strong initial eUect on mechanics’ pay. • Flight attendants’ salaries decreased. Question 29 When does the elasticity of demand for a firm’s product increase substantially? • When an industry is no longer concentrated • When there is non-availability of labor • When there is decreased consumer attention to quality • When there is a lack of substitute products Question 30 Which of the following are classified as mandatory bargaining issues? • Issues that are statutorily outlawed • Issues that have no direct impact on management • Issues that have a direct eUect on union members’ jobs • Internal aUairs of the union Question 31 The derived demand for labor is more elastic if the: • market demand for the final products is inelastic. • cost of labor is a significant part of the total product cost. • supply of materials is elastic. • supply of capital is elastic. Question 32 According to an extensive study of union wage diUerentials: • there remains big variation in the premium across workers. • the private sector wage premium is higher today than it was in the 1970s. • nonunion workers are able to resist employers’ eUorts to reduce wages better than unionized workers. • public sector wage eUects are smaller than those in the private sector. Question 33 Which factor directly aUects the health care cost of the employer? • Manual labors and non-manual labor composition • Age and gender composition • Standard-of-living of workforce • Ethnic background of workforce Question 34 Which condition raises union spillovers? • Increasing inflation • Economic expansion • High unemployment • High standard-of-living Question 35 Which of the following is a diUerence between the Scanlon plan and Impro-Share? • Impro-Share employees can easily calculate their bonus amount. • Impro-Share is aimed at increasing employee participation. • In the Scanlon plan, the bonus committee determines the bonus formula. • In the Scanlon plan, the bonuses are shared across work groups. Question 36 According to various studies on union’s eUects on a firm’s performance: • nonunionized workers were more productive than unionized workers in the construction industry. • student achievement was negatively aUected by unionization in education. • unionized firms are 20 percent more productive than nonunionized firms in auto parts industries. • productivity was higher in public sector establishments in the hospital industry. Question 37 In firms where continuous-flow operations are most eUicient or where product demand levels and heavy plant investment justify multi-shift operations, __________ specify work schedule assignment rules. • grievance procedures • management rights clauses • contracts • maintenance of memberships Question 38 Which of the following statements is true about the corporatist environment following World War II? • Wage rates were not associated with specific jobs. • It was not possible for a person to be temporarily transferred to a job with higher levels of responsibilities. • Rank-and-file employees had a lot of responsibility for workplace decision making. • Supervisory control was substantially checked by the union compared to the drive system. Question 39 In what way did employers benefit by the enforcement of the Davis-Bacon and WalshHealy acts? • Employers would save by hiring more employees. • Employers could insulate employees from union disciplinary action for nonpayment of dues. • Employers could ensure a smooth cash flow for the local union’s financial operations. • Employers would save by having existing employees work overtime. Question 40 Which of the following is an endogenous change? • Changes in competitive products and services • Changes in laws and regulations • Changing goals and objectives of new managers • State of the economy Question 41 Explain yellow-dog contracts. Question 42 List the factors that the NLRB considers to determine a bargaining unit. Question 43 What are the factors that influence a firm’s ability to pay? Question 44 Who are stewards? Describe their roles and responsibilities.