CPSY 2301 Exam 3 questions and
answers already passed
How much television do U.S children watch, on average, and what is known about the general
content of the television programs available for them to watch? - correct answer ✔✔Children
between ages 2-17 spend 6.5 hours a day on average exposed to mass media; 70% of 8-17 year
olds have a TV in their room
Content of television programs range from educational to containing violence
Why is it such a large influence on children's development? - correct answer ✔✔Young children
have unsophisticated cognitive TV viewing skills
- difficulty with causality: trouble with processing consequences of actions
- Difficulty distinguishing from appearance and reality
In what ways are media portrayals of violence linked to children's aggressive behavior? Cite
evidence from both correlation studies and experimental studies. - correct answer ✔✔-
Watching more TV in preschool years associated with more aggressive behavior in early school
years
- Watching violence on TV associated with behaving more aggressively
Huesmann et al, 2003: 8 year old boys preference for violent TV is positively correlated to a
increased mean level of aggressive behavior in their early 20's
Superman vs Mr. Rogers Study (Friedrich & Stein): 5 year old boys shown Superman, Mr. Rogers,
or neutral cartoon for 4 weeks, behavior assessed before and after 4 weeks; increase in
aggressive behavior was found in boys who watched superman that were more aggressive to
begin with
Discuss the role of television in perpetuating social stereotypes. Why is stereotyping on
television a concern? - correct answer ✔✔Gender and racial stereotypes, children have
unsophisticated TV cognitive skills
,What issues have been raised about children's use of interactive media? In what ways does
research support or alleviate concerns in these areas? - correct answer ✔✔Less face-to-face
interactions, media is a pervasive presence in children's lives and has positive and negative
influences on children's behaviors
- violent content may make real life violence seem more acceptable (Flemish children study)
What is known about television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children?
Describe the findings of Zimmerman & Christakis (2007) - correct answer ✔✔- More TV viewing
at 2-3 years old was associated with more attentional problems at age 7
- Assessed educational vs entertainment content
- Noneducational television before 3 years old was associated with more attentional problems
Television and other mass media are often considered effective as educational tools. What
findings from research are consistent with this impression? - correct answer ✔✔Sesame Street
is linked to school readiness, long term achievement, and prosocial behavior
How is television exposure potentially implicated in the obesity epidemic facing the US? -
correct answer ✔✔Children are spending less time being active
Proctor et al. (2003): 4-11 year olds who watched more than 3 hours a day had 40% more body
fat that those who watched less than 2 hours a day
How are video games potentially more influential than television and movies in terms of their
effect on child behavior? To date, what do research findings imply about the influence of video
games on child behavior? - correct answer ✔✔- More interactive
- Identity aggressor
- Repetition of aggression
In adolescence/college more video games playing is linked to more aggression, delinquency, and
lower academic achievement
, How is parental involvement an important factor in media influences on children's functioning?
Summarize the AAP's guidelines for parents of young children - correct answer ✔✔-Set limits on
screen time
- Recommended that 2-5 year olds be limited to one hour a day of "high-quality" programs
maximum
-Unstructured, unplugged play time to stimulate creativity
-Create tech free homes
Describe the characteristics of concrete operational thought. List and describe several ways that
concrete operations manifest themselves as abilities during middle childhood. - correct answer
✔✔Children's ability to consciously, thoughtfully and pro-actively choose to pursue goals
(instead of simply reacting to the environment) appears during this developmental period. In
addition, children's thinking style gradually becomes more logical, organized, and flexible as
they enter Piaget's "Concrete Operational" thinking stage.
multiple operations that children begin to master in middle childhood, including conservation,
decentration, reversibility, hierarchical classification, seriation, and spatial reasoning
Conservation - correct answer ✔✔the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete
operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same
despite changes in the forms of objects
Decentration - correct answer ✔✔focusing on several aspects of a problem and relating them,
rather than centering on just one; ability to pay attention to multiple attributes of an object or
situation rather than being locked into attending to only a single attribute
Reversibility - correct answer ✔✔the capacity to think through a series of steps and then
mentally reverse direction, returning to the starting point
Hierarchical Classification - correct answer ✔✔the organization of objects into classes and
subclasses on the basis of similarities and differences
answers already passed
How much television do U.S children watch, on average, and what is known about the general
content of the television programs available for them to watch? - correct answer ✔✔Children
between ages 2-17 spend 6.5 hours a day on average exposed to mass media; 70% of 8-17 year
olds have a TV in their room
Content of television programs range from educational to containing violence
Why is it such a large influence on children's development? - correct answer ✔✔Young children
have unsophisticated cognitive TV viewing skills
- difficulty with causality: trouble with processing consequences of actions
- Difficulty distinguishing from appearance and reality
In what ways are media portrayals of violence linked to children's aggressive behavior? Cite
evidence from both correlation studies and experimental studies. - correct answer ✔✔-
Watching more TV in preschool years associated with more aggressive behavior in early school
years
- Watching violence on TV associated with behaving more aggressively
Huesmann et al, 2003: 8 year old boys preference for violent TV is positively correlated to a
increased mean level of aggressive behavior in their early 20's
Superman vs Mr. Rogers Study (Friedrich & Stein): 5 year old boys shown Superman, Mr. Rogers,
or neutral cartoon for 4 weeks, behavior assessed before and after 4 weeks; increase in
aggressive behavior was found in boys who watched superman that were more aggressive to
begin with
Discuss the role of television in perpetuating social stereotypes. Why is stereotyping on
television a concern? - correct answer ✔✔Gender and racial stereotypes, children have
unsophisticated TV cognitive skills
,What issues have been raised about children's use of interactive media? In what ways does
research support or alleviate concerns in these areas? - correct answer ✔✔Less face-to-face
interactions, media is a pervasive presence in children's lives and has positive and negative
influences on children's behaviors
- violent content may make real life violence seem more acceptable (Flemish children study)
What is known about television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children?
Describe the findings of Zimmerman & Christakis (2007) - correct answer ✔✔- More TV viewing
at 2-3 years old was associated with more attentional problems at age 7
- Assessed educational vs entertainment content
- Noneducational television before 3 years old was associated with more attentional problems
Television and other mass media are often considered effective as educational tools. What
findings from research are consistent with this impression? - correct answer ✔✔Sesame Street
is linked to school readiness, long term achievement, and prosocial behavior
How is television exposure potentially implicated in the obesity epidemic facing the US? -
correct answer ✔✔Children are spending less time being active
Proctor et al. (2003): 4-11 year olds who watched more than 3 hours a day had 40% more body
fat that those who watched less than 2 hours a day
How are video games potentially more influential than television and movies in terms of their
effect on child behavior? To date, what do research findings imply about the influence of video
games on child behavior? - correct answer ✔✔- More interactive
- Identity aggressor
- Repetition of aggression
In adolescence/college more video games playing is linked to more aggression, delinquency, and
lower academic achievement
, How is parental involvement an important factor in media influences on children's functioning?
Summarize the AAP's guidelines for parents of young children - correct answer ✔✔-Set limits on
screen time
- Recommended that 2-5 year olds be limited to one hour a day of "high-quality" programs
maximum
-Unstructured, unplugged play time to stimulate creativity
-Create tech free homes
Describe the characteristics of concrete operational thought. List and describe several ways that
concrete operations manifest themselves as abilities during middle childhood. - correct answer
✔✔Children's ability to consciously, thoughtfully and pro-actively choose to pursue goals
(instead of simply reacting to the environment) appears during this developmental period. In
addition, children's thinking style gradually becomes more logical, organized, and flexible as
they enter Piaget's "Concrete Operational" thinking stage.
multiple operations that children begin to master in middle childhood, including conservation,
decentration, reversibility, hierarchical classification, seriation, and spatial reasoning
Conservation - correct answer ✔✔the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete
operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same
despite changes in the forms of objects
Decentration - correct answer ✔✔focusing on several aspects of a problem and relating them,
rather than centering on just one; ability to pay attention to multiple attributes of an object or
situation rather than being locked into attending to only a single attribute
Reversibility - correct answer ✔✔the capacity to think through a series of steps and then
mentally reverse direction, returning to the starting point
Hierarchical Classification - correct answer ✔✔the organization of objects into classes and
subclasses on the basis of similarities and differences
