WGU D236 Pathophysiology OA Questions and Answers 2025/ 2026|Complete Guide GRADED A+

WGUD236pathophysiology OA
Questions and Answers
2025/2026 | Complete Guide
GRADED A+

, WGU D236 pathophysiology OA Exam Study Guide 2025/2026
Questions and Answers Graded A+

WhatKisKStarling'sKLawKofKCapillaryKforces?


HowKdoesKthisKexplainKwhyKaKnutritionallyKdeficientKchildKwouldKhaveKedema?


-

☑☑Starling'sKLawKdescribesKhowKfluidsKmoveKacrossKtheKcapillaryKmembrane.KThereKareKtwoKmajorKo
K




pposingKforcesKthatKactKtoKbalanceKeachKother,KhydrostaticKpressureK(pushingKwaterKoutKofKtheKcapillari

es)KandKosmoticKpressureK(includingKonconticKpressure,KwhichKpushesKfluidKintoKtheKcapillaries).




BothKelectrolytesKandKproteinsK(onconticKpressure)KinKtheKbloodKaffectKosmoticKpressure,Khig

hKelectrolyteKandKproteinKconcentrationsKinKtheKbloodKwouldKcauseKwaterKtoKleaveKtheKcellsKa

ndKinterstitialKspaceKandKenterKtheKbloodKstreamKtoKdiluteKtheKhighKconcentrations.




On,KtheKotherKhand,KlowKelectrolyteKandKproteinKconcentrationsK(asKseenKinKaKnutritionallyKdeficientKchil

d)KwouldKcauseKwaterKtoKleaveKtheKcapillariesKandKenterKtheKcellsKandKinterstitialKfluidKwhichKcanKleadKto

K edema.




HowKdoesKtheKRAASK(Renin-Angiotensin-

AldosteroneKSystem)KresultKinKincreasedKbloodKvolumeKandKincreasedKbloodKpressure?


-

☑☑AKdropKinKbloodKpressureKisKsensedKbyKtheKkidneysKbyKlowKperfusion,KwhichKinKturnKbeginsKtoKsecr
K




eteKrenin.

,ReninKthenKtriggersKtheKliverKtoKproduceKangiotensinogen,KwhichKisKconvertedKtoKAngiotensinKIKinKtheKlu

ngsKandKthenKangiotensinKIIKbyKtheKenzyme




Angiotensin-

convertingKenzymeK(ACE).KAngiotensinKIIKstimulatesKperipheralKarterialKvasoconstrictionKwhichKraisesKB

P.




AngiotensinKIIKisKalsoKstimulatingKtheKadrenalKglandKtoKreleaseKaldosterone,KwhichKactsKtoKincreaseKsodi

umKandKwaterKreabsorptionKincreasingKbloodKvolume,KwhileKalsoKincreasedKpotassiumKsecretionKinKurin

e.




HowKcanKhyperkalemiaKleadKtoKcardiacKarrest?


-

☑☑NormalKlevelsKofKpotassiumKareKbetweenK3.5KandK5.2KmEq/dL.KHyperkalemiaKrefersKtoKpotassiu
K




mKlevelsKhigherKthatK5.2KmEq/dL.




AKmajorKfunctionKofKpotassiumKisKtoKconductKnerveKimpulsesKinKmuscles.KTooKlowKandKmuscleKweaknessK

occursKandKtooKmuchKcanKcauseKmuscleKspasms.




ThisKisKespeciallyKdangerousKinKtheKheartKmuscleKandKanKirregularKheartbeatKcanKcauseKaKheartKattack

, TheKbodyKusesKtheKProteinKBufferingKSystem,KPhosphateKBufferingKSystem,KandKCarbonicKAcid-

K BicarbonateKSystemKtoKregulateKandKmaintainKhomeostaticKpH,KwhatKisKtheKconsequenceKofKaKpHKimbal

ance


- ☑☑ProteinsKcontainKmanyKacidicKandKbasicKgroupKthatKcanKbeKaffectedKbyKpHKchanges.KAnyKincreas

eKorKdecreaseKinKbloodKpHKcanKalterKtheKstructureKofKtheKproteinK(denature),KtherebyKaffectingKitsKfuncti

onKasKwell




DescribeKtheKlaboratoryKfindingsKassociatedKwithKmetabolicKacidosis,KmetabolicKalkalosis,KrespiratoryKac

idosisKandKrespiratoryKalkalosis.K(ieKrelativeKpHKandKCO2Klevels).


- ☑☑NormalKABGsK(ArterialKBloodKGases)KBloodKpH:K7.35-7.45KPCO2:K35-45KmmKHgKPO2:K90-

100KmmKHgKHCO3-:K22-26KmEq/LKSaO2:K95-100%




RespiratoryKacidosisKandKalkalosisKareKmarkedKbyKchangesKinKPCO2.KHigherK=KacidosisKandKlowerK=Kalkalo

sis




MetabolicKacidosisKandKalkalosisKareKcausedKbyKsomethingKotherKthanKabnormalKCO2Klevels.KThisKcouldKi

ncludeKtoxicity,Kdiabetes,KrenalKfailureKorKexcessiveKGIKlosses.