TEST BANK
DEVELOPING MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING COMPETENCE
4TH EDITION
CHAPTER 1: THE CULTURALLY COMPETENT COUNSELOR
• Learning Outcome Quizzes
• Application Exercises
• Test Items
• Test Answer Key
LEARNING OUTCOME QUIZZES
Learning Outcome 1.1: Understand and apply key terms and concepts associated with multicultural
counseling.
[Q1]
Which of the following correctly lists the three forces in counseling?
1. Reason, logic, and emotions
2. Psychodynamic, interpersonal, intrapersonal
3. Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral
4. Psychodynamic, behaviorism, existentialism/humanism [correct]
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Although reason, logic, and emotions are important for counselors to consider when working with clients,
these concepts are not known as the three forces in counseling.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
Although psychodynamic conceptualization and intervention models are one of the three forces in
counseling, interpersonal and intrapersonal factors are important to counseling but are not the other two
forces in counseling. Generally speaking, interpersonal refers to interactions that occur between two or
more people, whereas intrapersonal interactions occur within a single intervention.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral factors are explored in each of the three forces in counseling, but
these factors alone are not commonly known as forces in counseling.
,[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
Psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and humanistic-existential conceptualization and intervention
models are supported as the three forces of counseling.
[Q2]
An arbitrary classification system of individuals based on physical characteristics is called:
1. ethnicity.
2. race. [correct]
3. ableism.
4. religion.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Although ethnicity is often related to race, ethnicity refers to common cultural values that cannot be seen
in an individual’s physical appearance.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 2]
Race is determined based on an individual’s physical characteristics and is considered arbitrary because
individuals from different races can share common features and can be viewed on a continuum rather than
as distinct categories.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Ableism refers to the tendency to favor individuals who do not have a physical or intellectual disability.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
Religion is a set of commonly held spiritual beliefs and practices.
[Q3]
Which of the following is an ongoing, multidimensional process that maintains a hierarchical racial
classification system?
1. Internalized racism
2. Racism [correct]
3. Culture
4. Cognitive costs
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Internalized racism occurs when members of an oppressed group believe negative messages from the
dominant culture.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 2]
,Racism is an ongoing process in which certain races gain inherent privilege over others and, thus,
maintains a hierarchical racial classification system.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Culture can refer to any set of commonly held values and beliefs.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
Cognitive costs are mental burdens experienced by individuals and are not solely related to issues of race
and class.
[Q4]
Which approach to multicultural awareness focuses on universal qualities that are generalizable to members
of all cultural groups?
1. Etic [correct]
2. Emic
3. Within group
4. Between group
[Feedback for Correct Answer 1]
An etic approach to multicultural conceptualization and awareness focuses on the general human
experience and qualities that are relevant for all individuals, regardless of culture.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
An emic approach to multicultural conceptualization and awareness focuses on cultural factors that are
unique a specific cultural group or subgroup.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Within group is a research term that refers to variations that are found among people who belong to the
same group. Groups can be determined based on a variety of factors, not just culture (e.g., age, height,
geographic location).
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
Between group is a research term that refers to variations that are found among people who belong to
different groups. Groups can be determined based on a variety of factors, not just culture (e.g., age,
height, geographic location).
Learning Outcome 1.2: Gain knowledge of U.S. demographic trends and how they influence counseling
process and use.
[Q1]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, of Americans identify as
Multiracial.
, 1. 3.4% [correct]
2. 5.0%
3. 5.6%
4. 12.7%
[Feedback for Correct Answer 1]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 3.4% of Americans identify as
Multiracial.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 5.0% of Americans identify as ‟other
race.”
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 5.6% of Americans identify as being
of Asian descent.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 12.7% of Americans identify as Black.
[Q2]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, of Americans identify as being
of Hispanic or Latin descent.
1. 12.7%
2. 15.0%
3. 18.3% [correct]
4. 27.5%
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 12.7% of Americans identify as Black.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
According to U.S. Census Bureau (2020) projections, by 2060, the proportion of the U.S. who identify as
Black will increase to 15%.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 3]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 18.3% of Americans identify as being
of Hispanic or Latin descent.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
According to U.S. Census Bureau (2020) projections, by 2060, the proportion of the U.S. who identify as
being of Hispanic or Latin descent will increase to 27.5%.
DEVELOPING MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING COMPETENCE
4TH EDITION
CHAPTER 1: THE CULTURALLY COMPETENT COUNSELOR
• Learning Outcome Quizzes
• Application Exercises
• Test Items
• Test Answer Key
LEARNING OUTCOME QUIZZES
Learning Outcome 1.1: Understand and apply key terms and concepts associated with multicultural
counseling.
[Q1]
Which of the following correctly lists the three forces in counseling?
1. Reason, logic, and emotions
2. Psychodynamic, interpersonal, intrapersonal
3. Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral
4. Psychodynamic, behaviorism, existentialism/humanism [correct]
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Although reason, logic, and emotions are important for counselors to consider when working with clients,
these concepts are not known as the three forces in counseling.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
Although psychodynamic conceptualization and intervention models are one of the three forces in
counseling, interpersonal and intrapersonal factors are important to counseling but are not the other two
forces in counseling. Generally speaking, interpersonal refers to interactions that occur between two or
more people, whereas intrapersonal interactions occur within a single intervention.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral factors are explored in each of the three forces in counseling, but
these factors alone are not commonly known as forces in counseling.
,[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
Psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and humanistic-existential conceptualization and intervention
models are supported as the three forces of counseling.
[Q2]
An arbitrary classification system of individuals based on physical characteristics is called:
1. ethnicity.
2. race. [correct]
3. ableism.
4. religion.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Although ethnicity is often related to race, ethnicity refers to common cultural values that cannot be seen
in an individual’s physical appearance.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 2]
Race is determined based on an individual’s physical characteristics and is considered arbitrary because
individuals from different races can share common features and can be viewed on a continuum rather than
as distinct categories.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Ableism refers to the tendency to favor individuals who do not have a physical or intellectual disability.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
Religion is a set of commonly held spiritual beliefs and practices.
[Q3]
Which of the following is an ongoing, multidimensional process that maintains a hierarchical racial
classification system?
1. Internalized racism
2. Racism [correct]
3. Culture
4. Cognitive costs
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Internalized racism occurs when members of an oppressed group believe negative messages from the
dominant culture.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 2]
,Racism is an ongoing process in which certain races gain inherent privilege over others and, thus,
maintains a hierarchical racial classification system.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Culture can refer to any set of commonly held values and beliefs.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
Cognitive costs are mental burdens experienced by individuals and are not solely related to issues of race
and class.
[Q4]
Which approach to multicultural awareness focuses on universal qualities that are generalizable to members
of all cultural groups?
1. Etic [correct]
2. Emic
3. Within group
4. Between group
[Feedback for Correct Answer 1]
An etic approach to multicultural conceptualization and awareness focuses on the general human
experience and qualities that are relevant for all individuals, regardless of culture.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
An emic approach to multicultural conceptualization and awareness focuses on cultural factors that are
unique a specific cultural group or subgroup.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Within group is a research term that refers to variations that are found among people who belong to the
same group. Groups can be determined based on a variety of factors, not just culture (e.g., age, height,
geographic location).
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
Between group is a research term that refers to variations that are found among people who belong to
different groups. Groups can be determined based on a variety of factors, not just culture (e.g., age,
height, geographic location).
Learning Outcome 1.2: Gain knowledge of U.S. demographic trends and how they influence counseling
process and use.
[Q1]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, of Americans identify as
Multiracial.
, 1. 3.4% [correct]
2. 5.0%
3. 5.6%
4. 12.7%
[Feedback for Correct Answer 1]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 3.4% of Americans identify as
Multiracial.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 5.0% of Americans identify as ‟other
race.”
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 5.6% of Americans identify as being
of Asian descent.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 12.7% of Americans identify as Black.
[Q2]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, of Americans identify as being
of Hispanic or Latin descent.
1. 12.7%
2. 15.0%
3. 18.3% [correct]
4. 27.5%
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 12.7% of Americans identify as Black.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
According to U.S. Census Bureau (2020) projections, by 2060, the proportion of the U.S. who identify as
Black will increase to 15%.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 3]
According to a 2018 survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 18.3% of Americans identify as being
of Hispanic or Latin descent.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
According to U.S. Census Bureau (2020) projections, by 2060, the proportion of the U.S. who identify as
being of Hispanic or Latin descent will increase to 27.5%.
