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WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS AND
WELLNESS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
Nutrition - correct answer- provides the body with the nutrients
it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition - correct answer- implies that the individual is not
getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is
consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition - correct answer- an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa - correct answer- literally means loss of
appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry,
but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming
fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive
exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in
women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia - correct answer- characterized by recurring periods of
binge eating, during which large amounts of food are consumed
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in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-
induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or
periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED) - correct answer- episodes of
binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large
amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling
guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity - correct answer- 15 to 20 percent above normal
weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of
sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high
energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for
serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension,
heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals - correct answer- inorganic material. Form body parts
(teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve
impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals - correct answer- needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
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• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals - correct answer- required in lesser amounts,
and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine,
fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) - correct answer-
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good"
cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) - correct answer-
most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as
the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the risk
of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases
the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins - correct answer- large molecules of fat and
protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
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Antioxidants - correct answer- slow the aging process. Reduce
cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced during
oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions - correct answer- the energy-yielding
reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or
a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a
group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate that
has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge
particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of
atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively
charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) - correct answer- any atom or group of
atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons
typically function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to
other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status. When
this happens in the human body, there is potential for a great
deal of damage.
Carbohydrates - correct answer- produce 4 calories of energy
per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides, disaccharides,
and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta,
and rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS AND
WELLNESS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
Nutrition - correct answer- provides the body with the nutrients
it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition - correct answer- implies that the individual is not
getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is
consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition - correct answer- an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa - correct answer- literally means loss of
appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry,
but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming
fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive
exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in
women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia - correct answer- characterized by recurring periods of
binge eating, during which large amounts of food are consumed
,2 | Page
in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-
induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or
periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED) - correct answer- episodes of
binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large
amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling
guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity - correct answer- 15 to 20 percent above normal
weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of
sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high
energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for
serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension,
heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals - correct answer- inorganic material. Form body parts
(teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve
impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals - correct answer- needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
,3 | Page
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals - correct answer- required in lesser amounts,
and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine,
fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) - correct answer-
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good"
cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) - correct answer-
most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as
the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the risk
of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases
the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins - correct answer- large molecules of fat and
protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
, 4 | Page
Antioxidants - correct answer- slow the aging process. Reduce
cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced during
oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions - correct answer- the energy-yielding
reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or
a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a
group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate that
has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge
particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of
atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively
charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) - correct answer- any atom or group of
atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons
typically function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to
other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status. When
this happens in the human body, there is potential for a great
deal of damage.
Carbohydrates - correct answer- produce 4 calories of energy
per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides, disaccharides,
and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta,
and rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
