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Exam (elaborations)

NGR 6141 – Pathophysiology (FAU) | Exam 2 Questions with Complete Answers

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This document provides a comprehensive collection of exam questions and detailed answers for the course NGR 6141 Pathophysiology at Florida Atlantic University (FAU). It covers critical pathophysiological concepts relevant to nursing and advanced health sciences, including cardiovascular, neurological, endocrine, and sensory disorders. Topics include hypertension, stroke types, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, heart failure, glaucoma, seizures, and coronary artery disease. The material is ideal for exam preparation and clinical review, as it offers concise explanations and key mechanisms behind each condition.

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Uploaded on
July 21, 2025
Number of pages
47
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Exam (elaborations)
Contains
Questions & answers

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Orthostatic Hypotension Causes


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Decrease in venous return to the heart due to pooling of blood in lower
part of body
-Impaired muscle pump function
-Bed rest
-Spinal Cord Injury
Inadequate circulatory response to decreased cardiac output and a
decrease in blood pressure
-Increased vascular compliance (Vasodilation/Shock)

, Dehydration/Hypovolemia
-Diuretics
-Excessive diaphoresis
-Vomiting/Diarrhea
-Loss of fluid volume from bed rest
-Medications
-Aging




Muscular Dystrophy


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A term applied to a number of genetic disorders that produce progressive
deterioration of skeletal muscles because of mixed muscle cell
hypertrophy, atrophy, and necrosis
-Begin to notice 2-3 year olds falling
-Death comes from respiratory and cardiac muscle involvement usually
occurs in young adulthood

Causes:
-Genetic usually a defect on X chromosome in males
-Progressive
-Typically does not involve the nervous system
When muscle necrosis occurs its replaced with fat and connective tissue
which increases muscle size (pseudohypertrophy) usually seen in calves
yet thighs will atrophy and results in muscle weakness




Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease


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, Drugs used to slow progression by 6-12 months and to control depression,
agitation or sleep disorders


-Cholinesterase inhibitors: prevent metabolism of endogenous
acetylcholine and are effective in slowing progression
(Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine)

-Memantine: delays functional loss

-Psychotropic Medications: assist in behavioral management




Middle Cerebral Stroke


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Limbic System
-Contralateral hemiplegia (Face and Arm)
-Contralateral sensory impairment
-Aphasia
-Confusion
-Unexpected emotion or response Coma




Posterior Blepharitis


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, Inflammation of the eyelids that involves the meibomian glands
Causes:
-Bacterial Infection (Staph)
-Dysfunction of the Meibomian glands (Acne Rosacea)

Symptoms:
-Meibomian glands inflamed
-Dilation of glands
-Plugging of orifices
-Abnormal Secretions
-Frothy Tears
-Abnormally greasy Meibomian secretions
-Chalazion

Treatment:
-Warm compression of lids
-Use of flaxseed or fish oil
-Long-term low dose systemic antibiotic
Short-Term topical steroids




Coma


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a state of deep unconsciousness that lasts for a prolonged or indefinite
period, caused especially by severe injury or illness.

Causes:
-Brain Injury
-Increased Pressure on the brain
-Brain Bleeding
-Loss of Oxygen
-Buildup of toxins




Posterior Cerebral Stroke

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