N314 Med-Surg HESI Exam Questions And Answers
Verified 100% Correct
What discharge instruction is most important for a client after a kidney transplant? A)
Weigh weekly.
B) Report symptoms of secondary Candidiasis.
C) Use daily reminders to take immunosuppressants.
D) Stop cigarette smoking. - ANSWER C) Use daily reminders to take
immunosuppressants.
Feedback: CORRECT
After renal transplantation, acute rejection is a risk for several months, so
immunosuppressive therapy, such as corticosteroids and azathioprine (Imuran), is
essential in preventing rejection, so the priority instruction includes measures, such as
daily reminders, to ensure the client takes these medications regularly.
During an interview with a client planning elective surgery, the client asks the nurse,
"What is the advantage of having a preferred provider organization insurance plan?"
Which response is best for the nurse to provide?
A) Long-term relationships with healthcare providers are more likely.
B) There are fewer healthcare providers to choose from than in an HMO plan.
C) Insurance coverage of employees is less expensive to employers.
D) An individual can become a member of a PPO without belonging to a group. -
ANSWER C) Insurance coverage of employees is less expensive to employers.
Feedback: CORRECT
The financial advantage of (C) is the feature of a PPO that is most relevant to the
average consumer. The nurse must have knowledge about PPOs, which provide
discounted rates to large employers who provide insurance coverage for their
employees. In return, the insurance company receives a large pool of clients for their
facilities.
Small bowel obstruction is a condition characterized by which finding? A)
Severe fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
B) Metabolic acidosis.
C) Ribbon-like stools.
D) Intermittent lower abdominal cramping. - ANSWER A) Severe fluid and electrolyte
imbalances.
The nurse is planning to initiate a socialization group for older residents of a long-term
facility. Which information is most useful to the nurse when planning activities for the
group?
A) The length of time each group member has resided at the nursing home.
,B) A brief description of each resident's family life.
C) The age of each group member.
D) The usual activity patterns of each member of the group. - ANSWER D) The usual
activity patterns of each member of the group.
Feedback: CORRECT
A female client requests information about using the calendar method of contraception.
Which assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?
A) Amount of weight gain or weight loss during the previous year.
B) An accurate menstrual cycle diary for the past 6 to 12 months.
C) Skin pigmentation and hair texture for evidence of hormonal changes.
D) Previous birth-control methods and beliefs about the calendar method. - ANSWER
B) An accurate menstrual cycle diary for the past 6 to 12 months.
Feedback: CORRECT
The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a 68-year-old client who is at high risk for
development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Which information should the nurse
include?
A) Limit dietary selection of cholesterol to 300 mg per day.
B) Increase intake of soluble fiber to 10 to 25 grams per day.
C) Decrease plant stanols and sterols to less than 2 grams/day.
D) Ensure saturated fat is less than 30% of total caloric intake. - ANSWER B) Increase
intake of soluble fiber to 10 to 25 grams per day.
Feedback: CORRECT
A 58-year-old client who has been post-menopausal for five years is concerned about
the risk for osteoporosis because her mother has the condition. Which information
should the nurse offer?
A) Osteoporosis is a progressive genetic disease with no effective treatment.
B) Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and exercise.
C) Estrogen replacement therapy should be started to prevent the progression
osteoporosis.
D) Low-dose corticosteroid treatment effectively halts the course of osteoporosis. -
ANSWER B) Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and
exercise.
Feedback: CORRECT
Based on the analysis of the client's atrial fibrillation, the nurse should prepare the client
for which treatment protocol? A) Diuretic therapy.
B) Pacemaker implantation.
C) Anticoagulation therapy.
D) Cardiac catheterization. - ANSWER C) Anticoagulation therapy.
Feedback: CORRECT
,The nurse is assessing a client who has a history of Parkinson's disease for the past 5
years. What symptoms should this client most likely exhibit?
A) Loss of short-term memory, facial tics and grimaces, and constant writhing
movements.
B) Shuffling gait, masklike facial expression, and tremors of the head.
C) Extreme muscular weakness, easy fatigability, and ptosis.
D) Numbness of the extremities, loss of balance, and visual disturbances. - ANSWER
B) Shuffling gait, masklike facial expression, and tremors of the head.
Feedback: CORRECT
The nurse is working with a 71-year-old obese client with bilateral osteoarthritis (OA) of
the hips. What recommendation should the nurse make that is most beneficial in
protecting the client's joints?
A) Increase the amount of calcium intake in the diet.
B) Apply alternating heat and cold therapies.
C) Initiate a weight-reduction diet to achieve a healthy body weight.
D) Use a walker for ambulation to lessen weight-bearing on the hips. - ANSWER C)
Initiate a weight-reduction diet to achieve a healthy body weight.
The nurse working in a postoperative surgical clinic is assessing a woman who had a
left radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Which factor puts this client at greatest risk
for developing lymphedema?
A) She sustained an insect bite to her left arm yesterday.
B) She has lost twenty pounds since the surgery.
C) Her healthcare provider now prescribes a calcium channel blocker for hypertension.
D) Her hobby is playing classical music on the piano. - ANSWER A) She sustained
an insect bite to her left arm yesterday.
Feedback: CORRECT
In assessing cancer risk, the nurse identifies which woman as being at greatest risk of
developing breast cancer?
A) A 35-year-old multipara who never breastfed.
B) A 50-year-old whose mother had unilateral breast cancer.
C) A 55-year-old whose mother-in-law had bilateral breast cancer.
D) A 20-year-old whose menarche occurred at age 9. - ANSWER B) A 50-year-old
whose mother had unilateral breast cancer.
Feedback: CORRECT
The most predictive risk factors for development of breast cancer are over 40 years of
age and a positive family history (occurrence in the immediate family, i.e., mother or
sister). Other risk factors include nulliparity, no history of breastfeeding, early menarche
and late menopause.
, The nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH), which is manifested by which symptoms? A) Loss of thirst, weight gain.
B) Dependent edema, fever.
C) Polydipsia, polyuria.
D) Hypernatremia, tachypnea. - ANSWER A) Loss of thirst, weight gain.
Feedback: CORRECT
SIADH occurs when the posterior pituitary gland releases too much ADH, causing water
retention, a urine output of less than 20 ml/hour, and dilutional hyponatremia. Other
indications of SIADH are loss of thirst, weight gain (A), irritability, muscle weakness, and
decreased level of consciousness. (B) is not associated with SIADH. (C) is a finding
associated with diabetes insipidus (a water metabolism problem caused by an ADH
deficiency), not SIADH. The increase in plasma volume causes an increase in the
glomerular filtration rate that inhibits the release of rennin and aldosterone, which
results in an increased sodium loss in urine, leading to greater hyponatremia, not (D).
The nurse notes that the only ECG for a 55-year-old male client scheduled for surgery
in two hours is dated two years ago. The client reports that he has a history of "heart
trouble," but has no problems at present. Hospital protocol requires that those over 50
years of age have a recent ECG prior to surgery. What nursing action is best for the
nurse to implement?
A) Ask the client what he means by "heart trouble."
B) Call for an ECG to be performed immediately.
C) Notify surgery that the ECG is over two years old.
D) Notify the client's surgeon immediately. - ANSWER B) Call for an ECG to be
performed immediately.
Feedback: CORRECT
Clients over the age of 40 and/or with a history of cardiovascular disease, should
receive ECG evaluation prior to surgery, generally 24 hours to two weeks before. (B)
should be implemented to ensure that the client's current cardiovascular status is
stable. Additional data might be valuable (A), but since time is limited, the priority is to
obtain the needed ECG. Documentation of vital signs is important, but does not replace
the need for the ECG (C). The surgeon only needs to be notified if the ECG cannot be
completed, or if there is a significant problem (D).
22.
Which intervention should the nurse implement for a female client diagnosed with pelvic
relaxation disorder?
A) Describe proper administration of vaginal suppositories and cream.
B) Encourage the client to perform Kegel exercises 10 times daily.
C) Explain the importance of using condoms when having sexual intercourse.
Verified 100% Correct
What discharge instruction is most important for a client after a kidney transplant? A)
Weigh weekly.
B) Report symptoms of secondary Candidiasis.
C) Use daily reminders to take immunosuppressants.
D) Stop cigarette smoking. - ANSWER C) Use daily reminders to take
immunosuppressants.
Feedback: CORRECT
After renal transplantation, acute rejection is a risk for several months, so
immunosuppressive therapy, such as corticosteroids and azathioprine (Imuran), is
essential in preventing rejection, so the priority instruction includes measures, such as
daily reminders, to ensure the client takes these medications regularly.
During an interview with a client planning elective surgery, the client asks the nurse,
"What is the advantage of having a preferred provider organization insurance plan?"
Which response is best for the nurse to provide?
A) Long-term relationships with healthcare providers are more likely.
B) There are fewer healthcare providers to choose from than in an HMO plan.
C) Insurance coverage of employees is less expensive to employers.
D) An individual can become a member of a PPO without belonging to a group. -
ANSWER C) Insurance coverage of employees is less expensive to employers.
Feedback: CORRECT
The financial advantage of (C) is the feature of a PPO that is most relevant to the
average consumer. The nurse must have knowledge about PPOs, which provide
discounted rates to large employers who provide insurance coverage for their
employees. In return, the insurance company receives a large pool of clients for their
facilities.
Small bowel obstruction is a condition characterized by which finding? A)
Severe fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
B) Metabolic acidosis.
C) Ribbon-like stools.
D) Intermittent lower abdominal cramping. - ANSWER A) Severe fluid and electrolyte
imbalances.
The nurse is planning to initiate a socialization group for older residents of a long-term
facility. Which information is most useful to the nurse when planning activities for the
group?
A) The length of time each group member has resided at the nursing home.
,B) A brief description of each resident's family life.
C) The age of each group member.
D) The usual activity patterns of each member of the group. - ANSWER D) The usual
activity patterns of each member of the group.
Feedback: CORRECT
A female client requests information about using the calendar method of contraception.
Which assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?
A) Amount of weight gain or weight loss during the previous year.
B) An accurate menstrual cycle diary for the past 6 to 12 months.
C) Skin pigmentation and hair texture for evidence of hormonal changes.
D) Previous birth-control methods and beliefs about the calendar method. - ANSWER
B) An accurate menstrual cycle diary for the past 6 to 12 months.
Feedback: CORRECT
The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a 68-year-old client who is at high risk for
development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Which information should the nurse
include?
A) Limit dietary selection of cholesterol to 300 mg per day.
B) Increase intake of soluble fiber to 10 to 25 grams per day.
C) Decrease plant stanols and sterols to less than 2 grams/day.
D) Ensure saturated fat is less than 30% of total caloric intake. - ANSWER B) Increase
intake of soluble fiber to 10 to 25 grams per day.
Feedback: CORRECT
A 58-year-old client who has been post-menopausal for five years is concerned about
the risk for osteoporosis because her mother has the condition. Which information
should the nurse offer?
A) Osteoporosis is a progressive genetic disease with no effective treatment.
B) Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and exercise.
C) Estrogen replacement therapy should be started to prevent the progression
osteoporosis.
D) Low-dose corticosteroid treatment effectively halts the course of osteoporosis. -
ANSWER B) Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and
exercise.
Feedback: CORRECT
Based on the analysis of the client's atrial fibrillation, the nurse should prepare the client
for which treatment protocol? A) Diuretic therapy.
B) Pacemaker implantation.
C) Anticoagulation therapy.
D) Cardiac catheterization. - ANSWER C) Anticoagulation therapy.
Feedback: CORRECT
,The nurse is assessing a client who has a history of Parkinson's disease for the past 5
years. What symptoms should this client most likely exhibit?
A) Loss of short-term memory, facial tics and grimaces, and constant writhing
movements.
B) Shuffling gait, masklike facial expression, and tremors of the head.
C) Extreme muscular weakness, easy fatigability, and ptosis.
D) Numbness of the extremities, loss of balance, and visual disturbances. - ANSWER
B) Shuffling gait, masklike facial expression, and tremors of the head.
Feedback: CORRECT
The nurse is working with a 71-year-old obese client with bilateral osteoarthritis (OA) of
the hips. What recommendation should the nurse make that is most beneficial in
protecting the client's joints?
A) Increase the amount of calcium intake in the diet.
B) Apply alternating heat and cold therapies.
C) Initiate a weight-reduction diet to achieve a healthy body weight.
D) Use a walker for ambulation to lessen weight-bearing on the hips. - ANSWER C)
Initiate a weight-reduction diet to achieve a healthy body weight.
The nurse working in a postoperative surgical clinic is assessing a woman who had a
left radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Which factor puts this client at greatest risk
for developing lymphedema?
A) She sustained an insect bite to her left arm yesterday.
B) She has lost twenty pounds since the surgery.
C) Her healthcare provider now prescribes a calcium channel blocker for hypertension.
D) Her hobby is playing classical music on the piano. - ANSWER A) She sustained
an insect bite to her left arm yesterday.
Feedback: CORRECT
In assessing cancer risk, the nurse identifies which woman as being at greatest risk of
developing breast cancer?
A) A 35-year-old multipara who never breastfed.
B) A 50-year-old whose mother had unilateral breast cancer.
C) A 55-year-old whose mother-in-law had bilateral breast cancer.
D) A 20-year-old whose menarche occurred at age 9. - ANSWER B) A 50-year-old
whose mother had unilateral breast cancer.
Feedback: CORRECT
The most predictive risk factors for development of breast cancer are over 40 years of
age and a positive family history (occurrence in the immediate family, i.e., mother or
sister). Other risk factors include nulliparity, no history of breastfeeding, early menarche
and late menopause.
, The nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH), which is manifested by which symptoms? A) Loss of thirst, weight gain.
B) Dependent edema, fever.
C) Polydipsia, polyuria.
D) Hypernatremia, tachypnea. - ANSWER A) Loss of thirst, weight gain.
Feedback: CORRECT
SIADH occurs when the posterior pituitary gland releases too much ADH, causing water
retention, a urine output of less than 20 ml/hour, and dilutional hyponatremia. Other
indications of SIADH are loss of thirst, weight gain (A), irritability, muscle weakness, and
decreased level of consciousness. (B) is not associated with SIADH. (C) is a finding
associated with diabetes insipidus (a water metabolism problem caused by an ADH
deficiency), not SIADH. The increase in plasma volume causes an increase in the
glomerular filtration rate that inhibits the release of rennin and aldosterone, which
results in an increased sodium loss in urine, leading to greater hyponatremia, not (D).
The nurse notes that the only ECG for a 55-year-old male client scheduled for surgery
in two hours is dated two years ago. The client reports that he has a history of "heart
trouble," but has no problems at present. Hospital protocol requires that those over 50
years of age have a recent ECG prior to surgery. What nursing action is best for the
nurse to implement?
A) Ask the client what he means by "heart trouble."
B) Call for an ECG to be performed immediately.
C) Notify surgery that the ECG is over two years old.
D) Notify the client's surgeon immediately. - ANSWER B) Call for an ECG to be
performed immediately.
Feedback: CORRECT
Clients over the age of 40 and/or with a history of cardiovascular disease, should
receive ECG evaluation prior to surgery, generally 24 hours to two weeks before. (B)
should be implemented to ensure that the client's current cardiovascular status is
stable. Additional data might be valuable (A), but since time is limited, the priority is to
obtain the needed ECG. Documentation of vital signs is important, but does not replace
the need for the ECG (C). The surgeon only needs to be notified if the ECG cannot be
completed, or if there is a significant problem (D).
22.
Which intervention should the nurse implement for a female client diagnosed with pelvic
relaxation disorder?
A) Describe proper administration of vaginal suppositories and cream.
B) Encourage the client to perform Kegel exercises 10 times daily.
C) Explain the importance of using condoms when having sexual intercourse.
