Networking Basics Cisco Exam Questions and Answers Solved Correctly
protocol - Answers Set of Rules governing the communication between network devices
data link - Answers a layer two switch operates at this layer of the TCP/IP model
hub - Answers antiquated layer 1 device which Cisco no longer sells
bits per sec. - Answers correct way to measure speed of the info transferred over a network
bites - Answers data at rest
bit - Answers active data
Data unit = (data + protocols) - Answers PDU
layer 3, router, packets - Answers correct association of layer, device and PDU
layer 2 - Answers frames are in what layer?
occurs as data is transmitted (down the stack) -- need to put all these protocols on. - Answers
encapsulation
occurs as data is received (up the stack)-- rip of all the "packaging" to see the content - Answers De-
encapsulation
encapsulated by sender are used by the received - Answers parameters
intellectual property of a company - Answers Proprietary
governs the communication--> typically on the lower stack (layers 1-4, applications are in the higher
layers) - Answers protocol
formally approved model. Interoperable, allows disparate systems to communicate - Answers standard
propriety protocol --> Cisco Discovery Protocol. Has additional features than the standard LLDP -
Answers CDP
Standard Cisco Protocol - Answers LLDP
more efficiency, additional features, flexibility, competitive advantage and helps with "stickiness" -->
because you own it can be better - Answers Pros of Proprietary Protocol
Less interoperability, does it play well with others?, ecosystem - Answers Cons of Proprietary Protocol
TB (terabytes), PetaBytes - Answers data storage
kbps (kilo bits per sec), Gbps (giga bits per sec), Mbps (mega bits per sec) - Answers Transmission speed
,bits, movement, 8 bits in a byte, binary digit (1 or 0) - Answers b=
byte, rest, 1 byte= 8 bits - Answers B=
kilo, 1000 bits/sec - Answers k
mega bits, 1 million bits - Answers M=
Giga 1 billlion bits - Answers G=
Open Systems Interconnect is the standard reference model used in networking and communications
(it's modular)
- 7 layers
- basis for protocols used when devices need to communicate over a network
- every layer of the model has protocols
- the upper layers of the model are dependent upon the lower layers - Answers OSI=
physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application (please do not throw sausage
pizza away) - Answers 7 layers of the OSI model
IP/ethernet - Answers most common protocol at layer 3
wires/wireless - Answers most common protocol at layer 1
- Answers any application you use that requires internet activity is going to have all the layers of the OSI
model
- Standardizes interfaces
- Ensures interoperable technology,
- Facilitates modular engineering,
- Accelerates Evolution,
- Simplifies teaching and learning,
- Reduces complexity and cost - Answers Benefits of the layers
TCP/IP Model-- the TCP/IP model is a simpler model based on the OSI model, used for communication
by devices over an IP network, this model is used for all end-user devices (ex. laptops, smartphones,
routers, and switches) - Answers 5 layer Model
physical
, data link
network
transport
application - Answers TCP/IP Model
The physical layer transmits and receives bits, Composed of protocol and devices, the way the
information travels through devices (air "wireless" or cables) - Answers Layer 1
Data Link Layer. used to transfer data between devices that are connected to the same physical link
(LAN). L2 controls access to the media used by L1. L2 switches data frames (PDDU), L2 is the first layer
with an address
MAC address-- media access control. - Answers Layer 2
Network Layer. The Network layer is used to transfer data between devices regardless of their location,
allows devices that are not on the same data link to communicate, L3 also has an address... the IP
address. The IP address is used to route packets anywhere in the world! - Answers Layer 3
the Transport Layer provides end-to-end connection reliability between devices. it detects faults and
recovers from them. This function is performed in software by the end devices.
two most common protocols at this layer:
- TCP (guaranteed) -- data files, sends every bit of information
- UDP (not guaranteed) -- Video and Voice cause we need it in real time - Answers Layer 4
data link = frames
network = packets
transport = segments - Answers PDU at different layers
application layer provides the interface for user applications to the network. It allows the applications
we use every day to communicate. This function is performed in software by devices that are connected
to an IP network - Answers Layer 5-7
copper cable, the most common transmission media. often referred to as ethernet cable, more cost
efficient than fiber optic cables, more commonly used, sometimes a little more durable, and slower cap
than the fiber optic cables
protocol - Answers Set of Rules governing the communication between network devices
data link - Answers a layer two switch operates at this layer of the TCP/IP model
hub - Answers antiquated layer 1 device which Cisco no longer sells
bits per sec. - Answers correct way to measure speed of the info transferred over a network
bites - Answers data at rest
bit - Answers active data
Data unit = (data + protocols) - Answers PDU
layer 3, router, packets - Answers correct association of layer, device and PDU
layer 2 - Answers frames are in what layer?
occurs as data is transmitted (down the stack) -- need to put all these protocols on. - Answers
encapsulation
occurs as data is received (up the stack)-- rip of all the "packaging" to see the content - Answers De-
encapsulation
encapsulated by sender are used by the received - Answers parameters
intellectual property of a company - Answers Proprietary
governs the communication--> typically on the lower stack (layers 1-4, applications are in the higher
layers) - Answers protocol
formally approved model. Interoperable, allows disparate systems to communicate - Answers standard
propriety protocol --> Cisco Discovery Protocol. Has additional features than the standard LLDP -
Answers CDP
Standard Cisco Protocol - Answers LLDP
more efficiency, additional features, flexibility, competitive advantage and helps with "stickiness" -->
because you own it can be better - Answers Pros of Proprietary Protocol
Less interoperability, does it play well with others?, ecosystem - Answers Cons of Proprietary Protocol
TB (terabytes), PetaBytes - Answers data storage
kbps (kilo bits per sec), Gbps (giga bits per sec), Mbps (mega bits per sec) - Answers Transmission speed
,bits, movement, 8 bits in a byte, binary digit (1 or 0) - Answers b=
byte, rest, 1 byte= 8 bits - Answers B=
kilo, 1000 bits/sec - Answers k
mega bits, 1 million bits - Answers M=
Giga 1 billlion bits - Answers G=
Open Systems Interconnect is the standard reference model used in networking and communications
(it's modular)
- 7 layers
- basis for protocols used when devices need to communicate over a network
- every layer of the model has protocols
- the upper layers of the model are dependent upon the lower layers - Answers OSI=
physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application (please do not throw sausage
pizza away) - Answers 7 layers of the OSI model
IP/ethernet - Answers most common protocol at layer 3
wires/wireless - Answers most common protocol at layer 1
- Answers any application you use that requires internet activity is going to have all the layers of the OSI
model
- Standardizes interfaces
- Ensures interoperable technology,
- Facilitates modular engineering,
- Accelerates Evolution,
- Simplifies teaching and learning,
- Reduces complexity and cost - Answers Benefits of the layers
TCP/IP Model-- the TCP/IP model is a simpler model based on the OSI model, used for communication
by devices over an IP network, this model is used for all end-user devices (ex. laptops, smartphones,
routers, and switches) - Answers 5 layer Model
physical
, data link
network
transport
application - Answers TCP/IP Model
The physical layer transmits and receives bits, Composed of protocol and devices, the way the
information travels through devices (air "wireless" or cables) - Answers Layer 1
Data Link Layer. used to transfer data between devices that are connected to the same physical link
(LAN). L2 controls access to the media used by L1. L2 switches data frames (PDDU), L2 is the first layer
with an address
MAC address-- media access control. - Answers Layer 2
Network Layer. The Network layer is used to transfer data between devices regardless of their location,
allows devices that are not on the same data link to communicate, L3 also has an address... the IP
address. The IP address is used to route packets anywhere in the world! - Answers Layer 3
the Transport Layer provides end-to-end connection reliability between devices. it detects faults and
recovers from them. This function is performed in software by the end devices.
two most common protocols at this layer:
- TCP (guaranteed) -- data files, sends every bit of information
- UDP (not guaranteed) -- Video and Voice cause we need it in real time - Answers Layer 4
data link = frames
network = packets
transport = segments - Answers PDU at different layers
application layer provides the interface for user applications to the network. It allows the applications
we use every day to communicate. This function is performed in software by devices that are connected
to an IP network - Answers Layer 5-7
copper cable, the most common transmission media. often referred to as ethernet cable, more cost
efficient than fiber optic cables, more commonly used, sometimes a little more durable, and slower cap
than the fiber optic cables
