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AVIXA CTS-D PAG-NAG Exam – 2025/2026 | 50+ Solved Q&A | Needed vs. Potential Acoustic Gain, EAD, NOM, Feedback Margin

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This document provides over 50 expertly solved questions and formulas from the 2025/2026 AVIXA CTS-D “PAG-NAG” exam section, focusing on acoustic gain calculations and system stability. It explains and applies the concepts of Needed Acoustic Gain (NAG), Potential Acoustic Gain (PAG), Equivalent Acoustic Distance (EAD), Number of Open Microphones (NOM), and Feedback Stability Margin (FSM). Formulas like PAG = 20log[(D₀×D₁)/(D₂×Dₛ)] and NAG = 20log(D₀/EAD) are fully detailed for real-world audio system planning and certification prep. Perfect for CTS-D candidates, AV system designers, and acoustic engineers preparing for AVIXA testing or practical implementation of reinforced sound systems. Keywords: PAG, NAG, potential acoustic gain, needed acoustic gain, EAD, equivalent acoustic distance, NOM, number of open microphones, FSM, feedback stability margin, PAG formula, NAG formula, audio system design, acoustic feedback, AVIXA, CTS-D, gain structure, dB calculations, reinforcement system, stable audio system, sound reinforcement, AV acoustics

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2024/2025
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AVIXA CTS-D: PAG-NAG 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Corresponding Answers
with Surety of 100% Pass Mark



PAG - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Potential Acoustic Gain




is the potential gain that can be delivered by the sound system without ringing and

before feedback occurs. It is based upon the number of open microphones, and the

distances between source(s) (like a presenter) and microphone(s), microphones to

loudspeakers, and listeners to loudspeakers.


NAG - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Needed Acoustic Gain




is to determine how much gain is needed to deliver the same level of sound to all

the listeners in the space



COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

, Is the gain the sound system requires to achieve an equivalent acoustic level at the

farthest listener equal to what the nearest listener would hear without sound

reinforcement


EAD, Equivalent Acoustic Distance - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Is the farthest distance one

can go from the source without the need for sound amplification or reinforcement

to maintain good speech intelligibility. It is a design parameter dependent on the

level of the presenter and the noise level in the room




Excessive background noise level will cause this to decrease.


Rule of Thumb for EAD for Voice - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔4 ft (1.2 meters) is often a

safe bet for voice. This assumes a 25 dB acoustic signal-to-noise ratio


Gain - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Refers to the electronic amplification of a signal.


NAG Formula - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔20 log (D0 / EAD)




COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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