General Genetics Exam 1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Gregor Mendel - CORRECT ANSWER - Catholic priest; father of modern genetics
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism's genetic makeup, or allele
combinations.
Plant male sexual part - CORRECT ANSWER - microsporangium, they produce haploid
microspores
Plant female sexual part - CORRECT ANSWER - megasporangium, they produce haploid
megaspores
selfing or self fertilization - CORRECT ANSWER - The fusion of sperm and egg
produced by the same individual organism.
Crossing or cross-fertilization - CORRECT ANSWER - fusion of sperm and egg from 2
different organisms
monohybrid cross - CORRECT ANSWER - A cross between individuals that involves one
pair of contrasting traits; Bb x Dd
true-breeding - CORRECT ANSWER - term used to describe organisms that produce
offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
The 3:1 ratio is explained by what - CORRECT ANSWER - a monohybrid cross
,Mendel's first principle was derived from _____ - CORRECT ANSWER - a monohybrid
cross
Mendel's first principle - CORRECT ANSWER - principle of segregation
test cross - CORRECT ANSWER - the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype
with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
Chi-square test - CORRECT ANSWER - A significance test used to determine if a linear
relationship exists between two variables measured on interval or ratio scales.
In a chi-square, if the value is greater than 0.05 - CORRECT ANSWER - you fail to reject
the null aka there really is no difference between the two values
In a chi-square, if the value is less than 0.05 - CORRECT ANSWER - you reject the null
hypothesis aka there is a difference
How to calculate degrees of freedom - CORRECT ANSWER - # of categories-1
how to determine deviation - CORRECT ANSWER - observed-expected
how to determine deviation squared - CORRECT ANSWER - square the deviation
to find you X^2, what do you have to do - CORRECT ANSWER - take the deviation
squared and divide it by expected then add up all of those values together and that gives you
Genes A and B are 20 cM apart and are in repulsion. Suppose that a double heterozygote is test-
crossed, what percentage of offspring would have the aaBb phenotype - CORRECT
ANSWER - 40%
, Rf=.2 ---> 20% are recombinant so 80% are parental
aaBb 80/2=40 ????
How do you find the p value? - CORRECT ANSWER - use the chi-square table
sum rule - CORRECT ANSWER - independent events (either/or) these are ones where
you add the probabilites
product rule of probability - CORRECT ANSWER - The chance of two or more
independent events occurring together is the product of their chance of occurring separately
dihybrid cross - CORRECT ANSWER - A cross between individuals that have different
alleles for the same gene
RRYY x rryy
Mendels second principle was derived from ______ - CORRECT ANSWER - a dihybrid
cross
mendels second principle - CORRECT ANSWER - principle of independent assortment
What does independent assortment mean? - CORRECT ANSWER - alleles on different
genes assort independently and equally when gametes form
What explains a 9:3:3:1 ratio? - CORRECT ANSWER - when you take a double
heterozygote dominant and do a dihybrid cross. This will end up being the ratio of the F2
generation really
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Gregor Mendel - CORRECT ANSWER - Catholic priest; father of modern genetics
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism's genetic makeup, or allele
combinations.
Plant male sexual part - CORRECT ANSWER - microsporangium, they produce haploid
microspores
Plant female sexual part - CORRECT ANSWER - megasporangium, they produce haploid
megaspores
selfing or self fertilization - CORRECT ANSWER - The fusion of sperm and egg
produced by the same individual organism.
Crossing or cross-fertilization - CORRECT ANSWER - fusion of sperm and egg from 2
different organisms
monohybrid cross - CORRECT ANSWER - A cross between individuals that involves one
pair of contrasting traits; Bb x Dd
true-breeding - CORRECT ANSWER - term used to describe organisms that produce
offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
The 3:1 ratio is explained by what - CORRECT ANSWER - a monohybrid cross
,Mendel's first principle was derived from _____ - CORRECT ANSWER - a monohybrid
cross
Mendel's first principle - CORRECT ANSWER - principle of segregation
test cross - CORRECT ANSWER - the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype
with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
Chi-square test - CORRECT ANSWER - A significance test used to determine if a linear
relationship exists between two variables measured on interval or ratio scales.
In a chi-square, if the value is greater than 0.05 - CORRECT ANSWER - you fail to reject
the null aka there really is no difference between the two values
In a chi-square, if the value is less than 0.05 - CORRECT ANSWER - you reject the null
hypothesis aka there is a difference
How to calculate degrees of freedom - CORRECT ANSWER - # of categories-1
how to determine deviation - CORRECT ANSWER - observed-expected
how to determine deviation squared - CORRECT ANSWER - square the deviation
to find you X^2, what do you have to do - CORRECT ANSWER - take the deviation
squared and divide it by expected then add up all of those values together and that gives you
Genes A and B are 20 cM apart and are in repulsion. Suppose that a double heterozygote is test-
crossed, what percentage of offspring would have the aaBb phenotype - CORRECT
ANSWER - 40%
, Rf=.2 ---> 20% are recombinant so 80% are parental
aaBb 80/2=40 ????
How do you find the p value? - CORRECT ANSWER - use the chi-square table
sum rule - CORRECT ANSWER - independent events (either/or) these are ones where
you add the probabilites
product rule of probability - CORRECT ANSWER - The chance of two or more
independent events occurring together is the product of their chance of occurring separately
dihybrid cross - CORRECT ANSWER - A cross between individuals that have different
alleles for the same gene
RRYY x rryy
Mendels second principle was derived from ______ - CORRECT ANSWER - a dihybrid
cross
mendels second principle - CORRECT ANSWER - principle of independent assortment
What does independent assortment mean? - CORRECT ANSWER - alleles on different
genes assort independently and equally when gametes form
What explains a 9:3:3:1 ratio? - CORRECT ANSWER - when you take a double
heterozygote dominant and do a dihybrid cross. This will end up being the ratio of the F2
generation really
