Genetics Exam 1 Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Central dogma - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA -> RNA -> Protein, what is this
phenomenon?
Retroviruses (HIV) - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA -> DNA -> Protein, what kind of virus
contains reverse transcriptase?
covalent, phosphodiester - CORRECT ANSWER - A ____ bond is a bond that involves
electron sharing electron pairs between atoms. A good example includes ____ bonds between the
5' C of one nucleotide and the 3' C of the next.
hydrogen - CORRECT ANSWER - A weak ___ bond between two molecules from an
electrostatic attraction between a proton in molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
two, three - CORRECT ANSWER - A=U for RNA and A=T for DNA form ____
hydrogen bonds. C=-G for DNA form ___ hydrogen bonds.
covalent, quaternary - CORRECT ANSWER - Disulfide bonds are ____, derived from
thiol groups that are responsible for stabilization and formation of the ____ protein structure.
80S (40S and 60S) - CORRECT ANSWER - Eukaryote ribosome size?
70S (30S and 50S) - CORRECT ANSWER - Prokaryote ribosome size?
55S - CORRECT ANSWER - Mitochondria ribosome size?
,Histones, chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ are small, basic proteins (high
lysine/arginine content) that eukaryotic DNA wraps around making ___.
Bead histones - CORRECT ANSWER - What type of histones are the following: H2A,
H2B, H3, H4?
H1 - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ is the linker protein, that binds to the linker DNA chain
between the nucleosome beads to facilitate the packing of nucleosomes into solenoids.
tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - H1 is the most ____-specific and species-specific of the
histones.
5-Fluorouracal, tumor - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ inhibits the synthesis of thymine
nucleotides required for DNA synthesis by binding tightly to thymidylate synthase. We use this
drug to reduce ___ cell proliferation.
Z-pack (azithromycin) - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ is an antibiotic that inhibits protein
synthesis on prokaryotic ribosomes by binding to the 50S subunit.
Streptoccocus Pneumoniae - CORRECT ANSWER - What prokaryote species are we
targeting when we prescribe azithromycin (Z-pack)?
Doxorubicin - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ intercalates between stacked base pairs of
DNA, inhibits transcription and replication. It is also used to stop or slow the growth of cancer
cells.
Chloramphenicol - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ is an antibiotic that inhibits protein
synthesis of prokaryotic ribosomes by binding to peptidyl transferase, thus inhibiting 50S subunit
from chain elongation.
B-form - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ is a right-handed DNA that predominates in the
body.
, akaline - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA is susceptible to ____ hydrolysis.
2nd loop - CORRECT ANSWER - What loop of the cloverleaf structure of tRNA is what
base pair with codon on mRNA?
purine - CORRECT ANSWER - What is this an example of pyrimidines or purines?
Template - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ strands are used by DNA polymerase or RNA
polymerase to attach complementary bases during DNA replication or RNA transcription.
3'-->5', 5'-->3' - CORRECT ANSWER - In template strands, reads in the ____ direction
and synthesizes only in the ___ (antiparallel) direction.
Leading - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ strands are being copied in the direction of the
advancing replication fork (continuous). It is involved with polymerase epsilon.
Lagging - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ strands are being copied in the direction AWAY
from the fork (discontinuous).
Okasaki - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ fragments are the short stretches of discontinuous
DNA. It is also involved in Polymerase Delta.
replication - CORRECT ANSWER - 5' end of DNA is where ___ occurs.
begins - CORRECT ANSWER - 3' end of DNA is where replication ___.
Ciprofloxacin - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, which then
DNA can't unwind and bacteria can't replicate.
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Central dogma - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA -> RNA -> Protein, what is this
phenomenon?
Retroviruses (HIV) - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA -> DNA -> Protein, what kind of virus
contains reverse transcriptase?
covalent, phosphodiester - CORRECT ANSWER - A ____ bond is a bond that involves
electron sharing electron pairs between atoms. A good example includes ____ bonds between the
5' C of one nucleotide and the 3' C of the next.
hydrogen - CORRECT ANSWER - A weak ___ bond between two molecules from an
electrostatic attraction between a proton in molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
two, three - CORRECT ANSWER - A=U for RNA and A=T for DNA form ____
hydrogen bonds. C=-G for DNA form ___ hydrogen bonds.
covalent, quaternary - CORRECT ANSWER - Disulfide bonds are ____, derived from
thiol groups that are responsible for stabilization and formation of the ____ protein structure.
80S (40S and 60S) - CORRECT ANSWER - Eukaryote ribosome size?
70S (30S and 50S) - CORRECT ANSWER - Prokaryote ribosome size?
55S - CORRECT ANSWER - Mitochondria ribosome size?
,Histones, chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ are small, basic proteins (high
lysine/arginine content) that eukaryotic DNA wraps around making ___.
Bead histones - CORRECT ANSWER - What type of histones are the following: H2A,
H2B, H3, H4?
H1 - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ is the linker protein, that binds to the linker DNA chain
between the nucleosome beads to facilitate the packing of nucleosomes into solenoids.
tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - H1 is the most ____-specific and species-specific of the
histones.
5-Fluorouracal, tumor - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ inhibits the synthesis of thymine
nucleotides required for DNA synthesis by binding tightly to thymidylate synthase. We use this
drug to reduce ___ cell proliferation.
Z-pack (azithromycin) - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ is an antibiotic that inhibits protein
synthesis on prokaryotic ribosomes by binding to the 50S subunit.
Streptoccocus Pneumoniae - CORRECT ANSWER - What prokaryote species are we
targeting when we prescribe azithromycin (Z-pack)?
Doxorubicin - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ intercalates between stacked base pairs of
DNA, inhibits transcription and replication. It is also used to stop or slow the growth of cancer
cells.
Chloramphenicol - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ is an antibiotic that inhibits protein
synthesis of prokaryotic ribosomes by binding to peptidyl transferase, thus inhibiting 50S subunit
from chain elongation.
B-form - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ is a right-handed DNA that predominates in the
body.
, akaline - CORRECT ANSWER - RNA is susceptible to ____ hydrolysis.
2nd loop - CORRECT ANSWER - What loop of the cloverleaf structure of tRNA is what
base pair with codon on mRNA?
purine - CORRECT ANSWER - What is this an example of pyrimidines or purines?
Template - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ strands are used by DNA polymerase or RNA
polymerase to attach complementary bases during DNA replication or RNA transcription.
3'-->5', 5'-->3' - CORRECT ANSWER - In template strands, reads in the ____ direction
and synthesizes only in the ___ (antiparallel) direction.
Leading - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ strands are being copied in the direction of the
advancing replication fork (continuous). It is involved with polymerase epsilon.
Lagging - CORRECT ANSWER - ___ strands are being copied in the direction AWAY
from the fork (discontinuous).
Okasaki - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ fragments are the short stretches of discontinuous
DNA. It is also involved in Polymerase Delta.
replication - CORRECT ANSWER - 5' end of DNA is where ___ occurs.
begins - CORRECT ANSWER - 3' end of DNA is where replication ___.
Ciprofloxacin - CORRECT ANSWER - ____ inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, which then
DNA can't unwind and bacteria can't replicate.
