PHI2600 Ethics - Final Exam - Broward
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Most philosophers believe that intentions are important when judging the morality of an action,
but for utilitarians the sole criterion is the action's consequences. - (ANSWER)True
Which of the following expressions would you be most likely to hear utilitarians using to justify
their actions? - (ANSWER)"The ends justify the means."
Which of the following factors should be taken into consideration when performing Bentham's
utilitarian calculus? - (ANSWER)The intensity of pleasure.
In the early 1960s during times of revolution, rape, rampage, and chaos in certain areas of the
world, the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy supplied its nuns with birth control pills. The
reasoning was that, although the church opposed use of the Pill, the risk of rape and resultant
pregnancy was so great as to override religious objections to the Pill. This justification illustrates
what sort of ethical system? - (ANSWER)Utilitarian
Regarding the confinement raising of chickens for food, Jeremy Bentham would most likely
argue that it is - (ANSWER)Not morally acceptable because chickens experience pain.
According to utilitarianism individual happiness is the highest moral good. People achieve
happiness by pursuing their rational self-interests. Therefore, people ought to pursue their
rational self-interests. - (ANSWER)False
Which of the following did Mill regard as our most important moral duty/right? -
(ANSWER)Nonmaleficence
Suppose that an anti-abortionist assassinates an abortionist, claiming that, "The end justifies the
means: It is better to kill one human now, than to allow that person to kill many humans
(perform abortions) in the future." This assassin's reasoning adheres to which ethical system. -
(ANSWER)Utilitarian
To a rule-utilitarian, we should in any particular situation, follow the rule that in general brings
about the greatest happiness for the greatest number. - (ANSWER)True
Utilitarians would support voluntary euthanasia, especially when the pain in a person's life
outweighs the pleasure that he or she derives from living. - (ANSWER)True
According to which ethical system does the rightness or wrongness of an act depend on the act
itself and not on its consequences? - (ANSWER)Deontological system
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,Deontologist S. Bok suggests that, although lying is generally wrong, there may be isolated cases
where the duty to lie conflicts with the more important duty to protect innocent human life. In
these cases, lying may be morally justified. This view will lead to the notion of: -
(ANSWER)Prima facie duties.
The development of proper self-esteem (the duty of self-improvement) in deontology requires
that we: - (ANSWER)Cultivate the good will.
Which of the following, according to Kant, is a characteristic of moral maxims and duties? -
(ANSWER)They are universally binding.
According to prima facie deontologists, a moral duty is binding unless it: - (ANSWER)Conflicts
with a more compelling moral duty.
Dr. Jack Kevorkian has assisted numerous people in committing suicide, each of whom felt that
his or her life was no longer worth living because of disease, disability, or terminal illness.
Which of the following people would be most likely to disapprove of Dr. Kevorkian's actions? -
(ANSWER)Immanuel Kant
The categorical imperative requires us to: - (ANSWER)Always treat persons as ends-in-
themselves.
Identify the philosopher who said: "so act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in
that of any other, in every case as an end in itself, never as a means only." -
(ANSWER)Immanuel Kant.
"Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a
universal law," is an ethical principle advocated by: - (ANSWER)Kant's deontologism.
In Canada, freedom of speech is more limited than in the United States. For example, hate
speech is considered immoral and, as such, is illegal in Canada. According to Canadians,
freedom of speech is a(n): - (ANSWER)Prima facie right.
Which of the following groups would Ayn Rand most likely applaud as advocates of human
rights: - (ANSWER)The Buddhists.
In Buddhism, rights: - (ANSWER)Belong to all living beings.
Which of the following people would be most likely to support legislation requiring
multinational logging and mining corporations in the Amazon to reimburse or return lands to the
indigenous people? - (ANSWER)Gustavo Gutierrez
According to Marxists, rights exist because of our: - (ANSWER)Human nature
A cultural relativist most likely would base a claim of rights on: - (ANSWER)Absolute duties.
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, The "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions of the first Woman's Rights Convention" stated
that women ought to have the legal right to: - (ANSWER)Vote in elections.
According to natural rights ethicists, such as John Locke and Ayn Rand, rights stem from: -
(ANSWER)Human nature.
"Traditional natural rights ethics supports a model of rights based on self-assertion. In this
model, the only beings who have rights are those who can make and defend moral claims." The
previous statement is: - (ANSWER)True
Identify the person who said the following: "The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it,
which obliges everyone; and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind who will but consult
it, that, being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty
or possessions." - (ANSWER)John Locke.
According to Aristotle, the natural and proper function of the virtuous person is: - (ANSWER)To
reason well.
Virtue ethicists are concerned primarily with: - (ANSWER)The improvement of their character.
Which of the following is the best example of someone following the Doctrine of the Mean? -
(ANSWER)Joanna who is self-confident and proud of her accomplishments without being vain.
What, according to Friedrich Nietzsche, is the source of all virtue? - (ANSWER)The will to
power.
What quality or virtue does David Hume regard as the most important? - (ANSWER)Sympathy
According to the Doctrine of the Mean, as put forth by Confucius and Aristotle: -
(ANSWER)Virtue in most cases entails seeking the mean between deficit and excess.
Which of the following people best exemplifies Nietzsche's übermensch? - (ANSWER)A woman
who stands up to her abusive husband and tells him she's leaving him.
"Virtue is important for achieving not only moral well-being but also happiness and inner
harmony. Aristotle referred to this sense of psychological well-being as cognitive
contemplation." The previous statement is: - (ANSWER)False
Which of the following people place the least emphasis on intention in determining whether
something is a virtuous act? - (ANSWER)Utilitarians
David Thoreau wrote, "The morally excellent, then, are constantly striving to discover and
pursue the right. This is their whole duty, for, in the inquiry about what is right, reason alone can
decide, and her [reason's] dictates are even identical with the dictates of duty." Which of the
following philosophers is most likely to agree with Thoreau? - (ANSWER)Aristotle
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College GUARANTEED PASS!!
Most philosophers believe that intentions are important when judging the morality of an action,
but for utilitarians the sole criterion is the action's consequences. - (ANSWER)True
Which of the following expressions would you be most likely to hear utilitarians using to justify
their actions? - (ANSWER)"The ends justify the means."
Which of the following factors should be taken into consideration when performing Bentham's
utilitarian calculus? - (ANSWER)The intensity of pleasure.
In the early 1960s during times of revolution, rape, rampage, and chaos in certain areas of the
world, the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy supplied its nuns with birth control pills. The
reasoning was that, although the church opposed use of the Pill, the risk of rape and resultant
pregnancy was so great as to override religious objections to the Pill. This justification illustrates
what sort of ethical system? - (ANSWER)Utilitarian
Regarding the confinement raising of chickens for food, Jeremy Bentham would most likely
argue that it is - (ANSWER)Not morally acceptable because chickens experience pain.
According to utilitarianism individual happiness is the highest moral good. People achieve
happiness by pursuing their rational self-interests. Therefore, people ought to pursue their
rational self-interests. - (ANSWER)False
Which of the following did Mill regard as our most important moral duty/right? -
(ANSWER)Nonmaleficence
Suppose that an anti-abortionist assassinates an abortionist, claiming that, "The end justifies the
means: It is better to kill one human now, than to allow that person to kill many humans
(perform abortions) in the future." This assassin's reasoning adheres to which ethical system. -
(ANSWER)Utilitarian
To a rule-utilitarian, we should in any particular situation, follow the rule that in general brings
about the greatest happiness for the greatest number. - (ANSWER)True
Utilitarians would support voluntary euthanasia, especially when the pain in a person's life
outweighs the pleasure that he or she derives from living. - (ANSWER)True
According to which ethical system does the rightness or wrongness of an act depend on the act
itself and not on its consequences? - (ANSWER)Deontological system
Page 1 of 18
,Deontologist S. Bok suggests that, although lying is generally wrong, there may be isolated cases
where the duty to lie conflicts with the more important duty to protect innocent human life. In
these cases, lying may be morally justified. This view will lead to the notion of: -
(ANSWER)Prima facie duties.
The development of proper self-esteem (the duty of self-improvement) in deontology requires
that we: - (ANSWER)Cultivate the good will.
Which of the following, according to Kant, is a characteristic of moral maxims and duties? -
(ANSWER)They are universally binding.
According to prima facie deontologists, a moral duty is binding unless it: - (ANSWER)Conflicts
with a more compelling moral duty.
Dr. Jack Kevorkian has assisted numerous people in committing suicide, each of whom felt that
his or her life was no longer worth living because of disease, disability, or terminal illness.
Which of the following people would be most likely to disapprove of Dr. Kevorkian's actions? -
(ANSWER)Immanuel Kant
The categorical imperative requires us to: - (ANSWER)Always treat persons as ends-in-
themselves.
Identify the philosopher who said: "so act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in
that of any other, in every case as an end in itself, never as a means only." -
(ANSWER)Immanuel Kant.
"Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a
universal law," is an ethical principle advocated by: - (ANSWER)Kant's deontologism.
In Canada, freedom of speech is more limited than in the United States. For example, hate
speech is considered immoral and, as such, is illegal in Canada. According to Canadians,
freedom of speech is a(n): - (ANSWER)Prima facie right.
Which of the following groups would Ayn Rand most likely applaud as advocates of human
rights: - (ANSWER)The Buddhists.
In Buddhism, rights: - (ANSWER)Belong to all living beings.
Which of the following people would be most likely to support legislation requiring
multinational logging and mining corporations in the Amazon to reimburse or return lands to the
indigenous people? - (ANSWER)Gustavo Gutierrez
According to Marxists, rights exist because of our: - (ANSWER)Human nature
A cultural relativist most likely would base a claim of rights on: - (ANSWER)Absolute duties.
Page 2 of 18
, The "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions of the first Woman's Rights Convention" stated
that women ought to have the legal right to: - (ANSWER)Vote in elections.
According to natural rights ethicists, such as John Locke and Ayn Rand, rights stem from: -
(ANSWER)Human nature.
"Traditional natural rights ethics supports a model of rights based on self-assertion. In this
model, the only beings who have rights are those who can make and defend moral claims." The
previous statement is: - (ANSWER)True
Identify the person who said the following: "The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it,
which obliges everyone; and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind who will but consult
it, that, being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty
or possessions." - (ANSWER)John Locke.
According to Aristotle, the natural and proper function of the virtuous person is: - (ANSWER)To
reason well.
Virtue ethicists are concerned primarily with: - (ANSWER)The improvement of their character.
Which of the following is the best example of someone following the Doctrine of the Mean? -
(ANSWER)Joanna who is self-confident and proud of her accomplishments without being vain.
What, according to Friedrich Nietzsche, is the source of all virtue? - (ANSWER)The will to
power.
What quality or virtue does David Hume regard as the most important? - (ANSWER)Sympathy
According to the Doctrine of the Mean, as put forth by Confucius and Aristotle: -
(ANSWER)Virtue in most cases entails seeking the mean between deficit and excess.
Which of the following people best exemplifies Nietzsche's übermensch? - (ANSWER)A woman
who stands up to her abusive husband and tells him she's leaving him.
"Virtue is important for achieving not only moral well-being but also happiness and inner
harmony. Aristotle referred to this sense of psychological well-being as cognitive
contemplation." The previous statement is: - (ANSWER)False
Which of the following people place the least emphasis on intention in determining whether
something is a virtuous act? - (ANSWER)Utilitarians
David Thoreau wrote, "The morally excellent, then, are constantly striving to discover and
pursue the right. This is their whole duty, for, in the inquiry about what is right, reason alone can
decide, and her [reason's] dictates are even identical with the dictates of duty." Which of the
following philosophers is most likely to agree with Thoreau? - (ANSWER)Aristotle
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