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MICROBIOLOGY AN EVOLVING SCIENCE, 3RD EDITION, JOHN
!! !! !! !! !! !!
FOSTER & JOAN SLONCZEWSKI CHAPTER 1-28
!! !! !! !! !! !!
CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
!! !! !! !! !! !!
MULTIPLE !!CHOICE
1. Viruses !!are:
a. infectious !!agents !!that !!infect !!multi-cellular !!organisms
b. noncellular !!particles !!that !!take !!over !!the !!metabolism !!of !!a !!cell !!to !!generate
!!more !!virus !!particles
c. pathogens !!that !!replicate !!in !!complex !!growth !!media
d. cellular !!particles !!that !!belong !!to !!the !!archaea !!domain
e. microbes !!that !!consist !!of !!lipid !!membrane !!enclosed !!genomes
ANS: ! ! B DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.A !!| !!I.B
MSC: ! ! Remembering
2. Analysis !!of !!DNA !!sequences !!reveals:
a. the !!ancient !!convergence !!of !!two !!cell !!types, !!i.e., !!prokaryotes !!and
!!eukaryotes
b. prokaryotes !!and !!eukaryotes !!evolved !!from !!a !!common !!ancestral !!cell
c. that !!bacteria !!share !!common !!ancestor !!with !!archaea, !!but !!not !!with
!!eukarya
d. prokaryotes !!are !!cells !!with !!a !!nucleus
e. the !!genome !!of !!Haemophilus !!influenzae !!has !!about !!2 !!billion !!base !!pairs
ANS: ! ! B DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.A !!| !!I.B
MSC: ! ! Remembering
3. Which !!of !!these !!groups !!are !!considered !!to !!be !!microbes !!but !!NOT !!considered !!to !!be !!cells?
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous !!fungi
c. archaea
ANS: ! ! A DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.A.i
MSC: ! ! Remembering
4. A !!microbe !!is !!commonly !!defined !!as:
a. a !!virus !!that !!requires !!a !!microscope !!to !!be !!seen
b. a !!bacterium !!that !!requires !!a !!microscope !!to !!be !!seen
c. a !!single-cellular !!prokaryote !!that !!requires !!a !!microscope !!to !!be
!!seen
d. a !!multicellular !!eukaryote !!that !!requires !!a !!microscope !!to !!be
!!seen
e. a !!living !!organism !!that !!requires !!a !!microscope !!to !!be !!seen
ANS: ! ! E DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.A.i !!| !!I.A.ii
MSC: ! ! Remembering
, 5. Which !!one !!of !!the !!following !!statements !!regarding !!microbial !!cells !!is !!NOT !!true?
a. Microbial !!cells !!acquire !!food, !!gain !!energy !!to !!build !!themselves, !!and
!!respond !!to
environmental !!change.
b. Most !!single-celled !!organisms !!require !!a !!microscope !!to !!render !!them !!visible, !!but
!!some
bacterial !!cells !!are !!large !!enough !!to !!be !!seen !!with !!naked !!eyes.
c. Microbes !!function !!as !!individual !!entities.
d. Many !!microbes !!form !!complex !!multicellular !!assemblages.
e. Viruses !!are !!not !!considered !!as !!microbial !!cells.
ANS: ! ! C DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.A.i !!| !!I.A.ii
MSC: ! ! Remembering
6. Which !!of !!the !!following !!statements !!is !!FALSE?
a. A !!genome !!is !!the !!total !!genetic !!information !!contained !!in !!an !!organism’s !!chromosomal
!!DNA.
b. If !!a !!microbe’s !!genome !!includes !!genes !!for !!nitrogenase, !!that !!microbe !!probably !!can !!fix
!!nitrogen.
c. By !!comparing !!DNA !!sequences !!of !!different !!organisms, !!we !!can !!figure !!out !!how
!!closely
related !!they !!are.
d. Fred !!Sanger !!developed !!the !!first !!applicable !!DNA !!sequencing !!method.
e. Fred !!Sanger !!completed !!the !!sequences !!of !!Haemophilus !!influenzae.
ANS: ! !E DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.B
MSC: ! ! Remembering
7. The !!first !!cellular !!genomes !!to !!be !!sequenced !!were !!those !!of:
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: ! ! B DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.B.i
MSC: ! ! Remembering
8. The !!environment !!of !!early !!Earth !!may !!have !!contained !!all !!of !!the !!following !!EXCEPT:
a. ferrous !!iron d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen !!gas
c. ammonia
ANS: ! ! D DIF: Easy REF: ! ! Special !!Topic
!!1.1 !!TOP: ! ! II.D MSC: ! ! Remembering
9. The !!development !!of !!the !!theory !!of !!the !!―RNA !!world‖ !!resulted !!from !!the !!discovery !!of:
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: ! ! D DIF: Medium REF: ! ! Special !!Topic
!!1.1 !!TOP: ! ! II.D MSC: ! ! Remembering
10. Which !!microbes !!may !!resemble !!those !!of !!the !!earliest !!life !!forms?
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic !!algae e. protists
c. viruses
, ANS: ! ! A DIF: Medium REF: ! ! Special !!Topic
!!1.1 !!TOP: ! ! II.D MSC: ! ! Remembering
11. Early !!metabolism !!may !!have !!been !!catalyzed !!by:
a. DNA d. amino !!acids
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
c. protein
ANS: ! ! B DIF: Medium REF: ! ! Special !!Topic
!!1.1 !!TOP: ! ! II.D MSC: ! ! Remembering
12. Which !!of !!the !!following !!diseases !!accounts !!for !!more !!than !!half !!of !!all !!human !!mortality?
a. cardiovascular !!disease d. microbial !!disease
b. cancer e. strokes
c. accidents
ANS: ! ! D DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A
MSC: ! ! Remembering
13. Which !!century !!is !!known !!as !!the !!golden !!age !!of !!microbiology?
a. the !!seventeenth d. the !!twentieth
b. the !!eighteenth e. the !!twenty-first
c. the !!nineteenth
ANS: ! ! C DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A
MSC: ! ! Remembering
14. All !!of !!the !!following !!have !!been !!found !!in !!mummies !!and !!tomb !!art !!EXCEPT:
a. tuberculosis d. smallpox
b. polio e. AIDS
c. leprosy
ANS: ! ! E DIF: Medium REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A.i
MSC: ! ! Remembering
15. How !!did !!European !!invaders !!to !!North !!America !!kill !!much !!of !!the !!native !!population?
a. tuberculosis d. HIV
b. leprosy e. bubonic !!plague
c. smallpox
ANS: ! ! C DIF: Medium REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A.i
MSC: ! ! Remembering
16. Nightingale:
a. is !!better !!known !!as !!the !!founder !!of !!professional !!nursing
b. was !!the !!first !!to !!use !!disinfectant !!to !!demonstrate !!the !!significance !!of !!aseptic
!!technique
c. developed !!the !!pie !!chart !!of !!mortality !!data !!during !!the !!Crimean !!War
d. performed !!the !!first !!controlled !!experiment !!on !!the !!chemical !!conversion !!of !!matter,
!!known
today !!as !!chemotherapy
e. all !!of !!the !!above
ANS: ! ! A DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A.ii
MSC: ! ! Remembering
, 17. Who !!developed !!the !!concept !!of !!medical !!statistics?
a. Francis !!Crick d. Louis !!Pasteur
b. Florence !!Nightingale e. Alexander !!Fleming
c. Edward !!Jenner
ANS: ! ! B DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A.ii
MSC: ! ! Remembering
MICROBIOLOGY AN EVOLVING SCIENCE, 3RD EDITION, JOHN
!! !! !! !! !! !!
FOSTER & JOAN SLONCZEWSKI CHAPTER 1-28
!! !! !! !! !! !!
CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
!! !! !! !! !! !!
MULTIPLE !!CHOICE
1. Viruses !!are:
a. infectious !!agents !!that !!infect !!multi-cellular !!organisms
b. noncellular !!particles !!that !!take !!over !!the !!metabolism !!of !!a !!cell !!to !!generate
!!more !!virus !!particles
c. pathogens !!that !!replicate !!in !!complex !!growth !!media
d. cellular !!particles !!that !!belong !!to !!the !!archaea !!domain
e. microbes !!that !!consist !!of !!lipid !!membrane !!enclosed !!genomes
ANS: ! ! B DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.A !!| !!I.B
MSC: ! ! Remembering
2. Analysis !!of !!DNA !!sequences !!reveals:
a. the !!ancient !!convergence !!of !!two !!cell !!types, !!i.e., !!prokaryotes !!and
!!eukaryotes
b. prokaryotes !!and !!eukaryotes !!evolved !!from !!a !!common !!ancestral !!cell
c. that !!bacteria !!share !!common !!ancestor !!with !!archaea, !!but !!not !!with
!!eukarya
d. prokaryotes !!are !!cells !!with !!a !!nucleus
e. the !!genome !!of !!Haemophilus !!influenzae !!has !!about !!2 !!billion !!base !!pairs
ANS: ! ! B DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.A !!| !!I.B
MSC: ! ! Remembering
3. Which !!of !!these !!groups !!are !!considered !!to !!be !!microbes !!but !!NOT !!considered !!to !!be !!cells?
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous !!fungi
c. archaea
ANS: ! ! A DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.A.i
MSC: ! ! Remembering
4. A !!microbe !!is !!commonly !!defined !!as:
a. a !!virus !!that !!requires !!a !!microscope !!to !!be !!seen
b. a !!bacterium !!that !!requires !!a !!microscope !!to !!be !!seen
c. a !!single-cellular !!prokaryote !!that !!requires !!a !!microscope !!to !!be
!!seen
d. a !!multicellular !!eukaryote !!that !!requires !!a !!microscope !!to !!be
!!seen
e. a !!living !!organism !!that !!requires !!a !!microscope !!to !!be !!seen
ANS: ! ! E DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.A.i !!| !!I.A.ii
MSC: ! ! Remembering
, 5. Which !!one !!of !!the !!following !!statements !!regarding !!microbial !!cells !!is !!NOT !!true?
a. Microbial !!cells !!acquire !!food, !!gain !!energy !!to !!build !!themselves, !!and
!!respond !!to
environmental !!change.
b. Most !!single-celled !!organisms !!require !!a !!microscope !!to !!render !!them !!visible, !!but
!!some
bacterial !!cells !!are !!large !!enough !!to !!be !!seen !!with !!naked !!eyes.
c. Microbes !!function !!as !!individual !!entities.
d. Many !!microbes !!form !!complex !!multicellular !!assemblages.
e. Viruses !!are !!not !!considered !!as !!microbial !!cells.
ANS: ! ! C DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.A.i !!| !!I.A.ii
MSC: ! ! Remembering
6. Which !!of !!the !!following !!statements !!is !!FALSE?
a. A !!genome !!is !!the !!total !!genetic !!information !!contained !!in !!an !!organism’s !!chromosomal
!!DNA.
b. If !!a !!microbe’s !!genome !!includes !!genes !!for !!nitrogenase, !!that !!microbe !!probably !!can !!fix
!!nitrogen.
c. By !!comparing !!DNA !!sequences !!of !!different !!organisms, !!we !!can !!figure !!out !!how
!!closely
related !!they !!are.
d. Fred !!Sanger !!developed !!the !!first !!applicable !!DNA !!sequencing !!method.
e. Fred !!Sanger !!completed !!the !!sequences !!of !!Haemophilus !!influenzae.
ANS: ! !E DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.B
MSC: ! ! Remembering
7. The !!first !!cellular !!genomes !!to !!be !!sequenced !!were !!those !!of:
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: ! ! B DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.1 TOP: ! ! I.B.i
MSC: ! ! Remembering
8. The !!environment !!of !!early !!Earth !!may !!have !!contained !!all !!of !!the !!following !!EXCEPT:
a. ferrous !!iron d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen !!gas
c. ammonia
ANS: ! ! D DIF: Easy REF: ! ! Special !!Topic
!!1.1 !!TOP: ! ! II.D MSC: ! ! Remembering
9. The !!development !!of !!the !!theory !!of !!the !!―RNA !!world‖ !!resulted !!from !!the !!discovery !!of:
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: ! ! D DIF: Medium REF: ! ! Special !!Topic
!!1.1 !!TOP: ! ! II.D MSC: ! ! Remembering
10. Which !!microbes !!may !!resemble !!those !!of !!the !!earliest !!life !!forms?
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic !!algae e. protists
c. viruses
, ANS: ! ! A DIF: Medium REF: ! ! Special !!Topic
!!1.1 !!TOP: ! ! II.D MSC: ! ! Remembering
11. Early !!metabolism !!may !!have !!been !!catalyzed !!by:
a. DNA d. amino !!acids
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
c. protein
ANS: ! ! B DIF: Medium REF: ! ! Special !!Topic
!!1.1 !!TOP: ! ! II.D MSC: ! ! Remembering
12. Which !!of !!the !!following !!diseases !!accounts !!for !!more !!than !!half !!of !!all !!human !!mortality?
a. cardiovascular !!disease d. microbial !!disease
b. cancer e. strokes
c. accidents
ANS: ! ! D DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A
MSC: ! ! Remembering
13. Which !!century !!is !!known !!as !!the !!golden !!age !!of !!microbiology?
a. the !!seventeenth d. the !!twentieth
b. the !!eighteenth e. the !!twenty-first
c. the !!nineteenth
ANS: ! ! C DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A
MSC: ! ! Remembering
14. All !!of !!the !!following !!have !!been !!found !!in !!mummies !!and !!tomb !!art !!EXCEPT:
a. tuberculosis d. smallpox
b. polio e. AIDS
c. leprosy
ANS: ! ! E DIF: Medium REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A.i
MSC: ! ! Remembering
15. How !!did !!European !!invaders !!to !!North !!America !!kill !!much !!of !!the !!native !!population?
a. tuberculosis d. HIV
b. leprosy e. bubonic !!plague
c. smallpox
ANS: ! ! C DIF: Medium REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A.i
MSC: ! ! Remembering
16. Nightingale:
a. is !!better !!known !!as !!the !!founder !!of !!professional !!nursing
b. was !!the !!first !!to !!use !!disinfectant !!to !!demonstrate !!the !!significance !!of !!aseptic
!!technique
c. developed !!the !!pie !!chart !!of !!mortality !!data !!during !!the !!Crimean !!War
d. performed !!the !!first !!controlled !!experiment !!on !!the !!chemical !!conversion !!of !!matter,
!!known
today !!as !!chemotherapy
e. all !!of !!the !!above
ANS: ! ! A DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A.ii
MSC: ! ! Remembering
, 17. Who !!developed !!the !!concept !!of !!medical !!statistics?
a. Francis !!Crick d. Louis !!Pasteur
b. Florence !!Nightingale e. Alexander !!Fleming
c. Edward !!Jenner
ANS: ! ! B DIF: Easy REF: !! !! 1.2 TOP: ! ! II.A.ii
MSC: ! ! Remembering
