StraighterLine BIO250 - Microbiology Final
Exam Study Guide UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORECT Answers
What is a Transforming Infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - Virus that alters cell DNA,
leading to cancer
What is a lysogenic infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - Phage DNA is incorporated into
host genome and is passed on to subsequent generations
What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - Host cell gets so
packed with viruses that is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions
What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.)
Isolate and ID viruses in clinical specimens
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts
What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.) Using
live animal inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Prions, viroids, and satellite viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: - CORRECT ANSWER - CHONPS
C - arbon
H - ydrogen
,N - itrogen
P - hosphate
S - ulphur
What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs
Define Saprobe: - CORRECT ANSWER - A microbe that decomposes organic remains
from dead organisms
Define Parasite - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that lives in or within a host from
which it obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: - CORRECT ANSWER - movement from high to low
Define Osmosis: - CORRECT ANSWER - Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
hypotonic cell: - CORRECT ANSWER - cells that are less concentrated than their
environment; water rushes in, may burst cell
hypertonic cell: - CORRECT ANSWER - cells that are more concentrated than their
environment; water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel
isotonic cell: - CORRECT ANSWER - extracellular environment has the same
concentration of solutes as the cell cytoplasm
types of passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Facilitated diffusion, molecule-
specific, simple diffusion
, facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - passive transport: Movement of specific
molecules across cell membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors
molecule specific
transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited
by number of binding sites on transport proteins
simple diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Fundamental property of atoms and molecults
that exist in a state of random motion
Name three types of active transport: - CORRECT ANSWER - Carrier mediated, group
translocation, bulk transport
Carrier-mediated Transport is... - CORRECT ANSWER - Active transport where atoms or
molecules are pumped into or out of the cell by specialized receptors
Group translocation transport is.... - CORRECT ANSWER - Active transport where
molecule is moved across membrane and converted to a metabolically useful substance
Bulk transport is.... - CORRECT ANSWER - active transport of large
particles/cells/liquids by enfulcing in a vesicle (e.g. endocytosis, phagocytosis, etc.)
Ways in which different organisms dead with oxygen... - CORRECT ANSWER - Can use
oxygen and detoxify is, can neither use nor detoxify is, cannot use but can detoxify it.
What are the five types of associations microbes can have with their hosts? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Antagonism, Synergism
Define mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER - both organisms benefit
Exam Study Guide UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORECT Answers
What is a Transforming Infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - Virus that alters cell DNA,
leading to cancer
What is a lysogenic infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - Phage DNA is incorporated into
host genome and is passed on to subsequent generations
What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - Host cell gets so
packed with viruses that is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions
What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.)
Isolate and ID viruses in clinical specimens
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts
What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.) Using
live animal inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Prions, viroids, and satellite viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: - CORRECT ANSWER - CHONPS
C - arbon
H - ydrogen
,N - itrogen
P - hosphate
S - ulphur
What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs
Define Saprobe: - CORRECT ANSWER - A microbe that decomposes organic remains
from dead organisms
Define Parasite - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that lives in or within a host from
which it obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: - CORRECT ANSWER - movement from high to low
Define Osmosis: - CORRECT ANSWER - Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
hypotonic cell: - CORRECT ANSWER - cells that are less concentrated than their
environment; water rushes in, may burst cell
hypertonic cell: - CORRECT ANSWER - cells that are more concentrated than their
environment; water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel
isotonic cell: - CORRECT ANSWER - extracellular environment has the same
concentration of solutes as the cell cytoplasm
types of passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Facilitated diffusion, molecule-
specific, simple diffusion
, facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - passive transport: Movement of specific
molecules across cell membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors
molecule specific
transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited
by number of binding sites on transport proteins
simple diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Fundamental property of atoms and molecults
that exist in a state of random motion
Name three types of active transport: - CORRECT ANSWER - Carrier mediated, group
translocation, bulk transport
Carrier-mediated Transport is... - CORRECT ANSWER - Active transport where atoms or
molecules are pumped into or out of the cell by specialized receptors
Group translocation transport is.... - CORRECT ANSWER - Active transport where
molecule is moved across membrane and converted to a metabolically useful substance
Bulk transport is.... - CORRECT ANSWER - active transport of large
particles/cells/liquids by enfulcing in a vesicle (e.g. endocytosis, phagocytosis, etc.)
Ways in which different organisms dead with oxygen... - CORRECT ANSWER - Can use
oxygen and detoxify is, can neither use nor detoxify is, cannot use but can detoxify it.
What are the five types of associations microbes can have with their hosts? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Antagonism, Synergism
Define mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER - both organisms benefit
