NASM: Weight Loss Specialization Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

NASM: Weight Loss Specialization Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct What is peripheral neuropathy? nerve damage that often causes numbness in the hands and feet What is diabetic retinopathy? damage to blood vessels of the eye What is nephropathy? kidney disease What are some exercise precautions for people with neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and/or nephropathy? - avoiding extreme environments - proper foot care - avoiding the Valsalva maneuver - paying special attention to hydration What are principal traits of the metabolic syndrome in a client who has type 2 diabetes? - abdominal obesity - dyslipidemia (high triglycerides, low HDL-C, or small LDL particles) - elevated blood pressure - elevated fasting glucose - prothrombotic state (forming clots) - proinflammatory state (increased CRP levels) What can result from the narrowing of the vessels that supply blood and oxygen directly to the heart? - myocardial infarction (heart attack) - coronary artery disease What is a calorie? a unit of heat (energy) What is "energy balance"? a term which represents the relationship between energy intake and output, and directly impacts weight control What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only be changed from one form to another or transferred from one body to another. What can tracking a client's weight or body fat help determine? if the client is eating more than recommended What are ways that energy is expended daily? Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF), Physical Activity (PA) What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)? BMR describes the rate at which the body expends energy to maintain basic physiological survival. It is measured while a person is awake but lying still after a restful sleep and an overnight fast. How much of daily energy expenditure (DEE) does BMR make up? about 75% What is another way to describe and calculate the rate at which the body expends energy? Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) or Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) What are some equations for measuring RMR/REE? Harris-Benedict, Mifflin St. Joer, Owen What is the Owen Equation? Male: 10.2 * weight (kg) + 879 Female: 7.18 * weight (kg) + 795 What is Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF) TEF refers to an estimation of the energy required to digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store nutrients in the body (about 10% of DEE). What is "Physical Activity" (PA)? an estimation of energy required to support physical work outside of BMR (between 1030% of DEE). How much of one's daily expenditure of energy does physical activity make up for sedentary people? less than half BMR How much daily expenditure of energy does physical activity (PA) make up for active people? may equal BMR What are some weight loss caloric guidelines? - Slow, steady goals of 0.5 to 2 lbs./week - Decrease calorie intake (250-500 calorie deficit) - Increase physical activity What theory explains why most people only experience short term weight loss before they regain their weight? The Set Point Theory What does the Set Point Theory state? Body weight is maintained at a set level, and deviations from the preferred set point are resisted and minimized by a feedback control system of the body. What explains a plateau in weight loss? Metabolic efficiency: when the energy expended equals the energy being consumed. What are two general contributors of obesity? Genetics and Environment How does one's genetics contribute to obesity? Genetics influence one's appetite, hunger, satiation, and hormones. What is appetite? sensations of hunger, satiation, and satiety that prompt a person to eat or not eat What is hunger? sensations that promote food consumption, contributing along with metabolic, sensory, and cognitive facets. What does satiation do? causes hunger to subside What determines satiation? meal size and meal duration What is satiety?