PSYC 2101 Chapt 2 Review questions
& correct answers
Psychodynamic theories state that personality is shaped by ________ between unconscious
forces within the mind. - correct answer ✔✔conflicts
Freud posited that a psychic structure called the ______ is present at birth and operates
according to the pleasure principle; instant gratification and survival - correct answer ✔✔id
The ego operates according to the ________ principle. - correct answer ✔✔reality
The ________ is the moral sense and develops by internalizing the standards of parents and
others. - correct answer ✔✔superego
The stages of psychosexual development include the oral, anal, _______, latency, and genital
stages. - correct answer ✔✔phallic
_________ in a stage may lead to the development of traits associated with the stage. - correct
answer ✔✔fixation
In the Oedipus and Electra complexes, children long to possess the parent of the (same or
other?) gender and become jealous of, or resentful toward, the parent of the same gender. -
correct answer ✔✔other
Jung believed that in addition to a personal unconscious, people also have a _______
unconscious. - correct answer ✔✔collective
, Adler believed that people are motivated by an ________ complex. - correct answer
✔✔inferiority
Whereas Freud proposed psychosexual stages of development, Erikson posited ________ stages
of development. - correct answer ✔✔psychological
Classical conditioning is a simple form of learning in which an originally _______ stimulus comes
to elicit the response usually brought forth by another stimulus by being paired repeatedly with
that stimulus; associations between stimuli - correct answer ✔✔neutral
A response to an _______ stimulus is called an unconditioned response. - correct answer
✔✔unconditioned
_________ reinforcers increase the probability of responses when they occur following the
responses. - correct answer ✔✔positive
Negative reinforcers (strengthen or weaken?) responses when they are withdrawn following the
responses. - correct answer ✔✔strengthen
________ reinforcers such as food have their value because of the biological makeup of the
organism. - correct answer ✔✔primary
________ reinforcers, such as money, acquire their value through association with established
reinforcers. - correct answer ✔✔secondary
A _______ is an aversive stimulus that suppresses the frequency of behavior. - correct answer
✔✔punishment
Social-cognitive theorists believe that we must consider both person variables and ________
variables to predict behavior. - correct answer ✔✔situational
& correct answers
Psychodynamic theories state that personality is shaped by ________ between unconscious
forces within the mind. - correct answer ✔✔conflicts
Freud posited that a psychic structure called the ______ is present at birth and operates
according to the pleasure principle; instant gratification and survival - correct answer ✔✔id
The ego operates according to the ________ principle. - correct answer ✔✔reality
The ________ is the moral sense and develops by internalizing the standards of parents and
others. - correct answer ✔✔superego
The stages of psychosexual development include the oral, anal, _______, latency, and genital
stages. - correct answer ✔✔phallic
_________ in a stage may lead to the development of traits associated with the stage. - correct
answer ✔✔fixation
In the Oedipus and Electra complexes, children long to possess the parent of the (same or
other?) gender and become jealous of, or resentful toward, the parent of the same gender. -
correct answer ✔✔other
Jung believed that in addition to a personal unconscious, people also have a _______
unconscious. - correct answer ✔✔collective
, Adler believed that people are motivated by an ________ complex. - correct answer
✔✔inferiority
Whereas Freud proposed psychosexual stages of development, Erikson posited ________ stages
of development. - correct answer ✔✔psychological
Classical conditioning is a simple form of learning in which an originally _______ stimulus comes
to elicit the response usually brought forth by another stimulus by being paired repeatedly with
that stimulus; associations between stimuli - correct answer ✔✔neutral
A response to an _______ stimulus is called an unconditioned response. - correct answer
✔✔unconditioned
_________ reinforcers increase the probability of responses when they occur following the
responses. - correct answer ✔✔positive
Negative reinforcers (strengthen or weaken?) responses when they are withdrawn following the
responses. - correct answer ✔✔strengthen
________ reinforcers such as food have their value because of the biological makeup of the
organism. - correct answer ✔✔primary
________ reinforcers, such as money, acquire their value through association with established
reinforcers. - correct answer ✔✔secondary
A _______ is an aversive stimulus that suppresses the frequency of behavior. - correct answer
✔✔punishment
Social-cognitive theorists believe that we must consider both person variables and ________
variables to predict behavior. - correct answer ✔✔situational
