MGMT 339 TEST PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Major activities managers typically perform Pt.2 - ✔✔-Task-related: Focused on
essential management duties like short-term planning and monitoring.
-People-related: Involving managing personnel through support, recognition, and
consultation.
-Change-related: Focused on adapting organizational elements by monitoring the
external environment and proposing new strategies.
✔✔Definition of Planning - ✔✔-The process of determining how an organization can get
where it wants to go and what it will do to accomplish its objectives
✔✔Planning Purposes - ✔✔-Planning precedes the other management functions
-Organizing, influencing, and controlling are all based on planning
✔✔Planning Advantages and Disadvantages - ✔✔-Emphasize organizational objectives
-Help managers to become future-oriented
-Enhance decision coordination
-Especially important for new ventures
-Managerial time involvement
-Rigidity and lack of adaptability
✔✔Types of Plans: Standing Plans - ✔✔-Policy: Furnishes broad guideline for taking
action consistent with organizational objectives
-Procedure: Outlines a series of related actions for a particular task. More specific
actions than policies
-Rule: Designates specific required actions. No room for deviation
✔✔Types of Plans: Single-Use Plan - ✔✔-Program: Carry out a special project within an
organization
-Budget: Single-use financial plan that covers a specified length of time
✔✔Planning Process: Steps and Elements - ✔✔1. State organizational objectives
2. List alternative ways of reaching objectives
3. Develop premises on which to base each alternative
4. Choose the best alternative for reaching objectives
5. Develop plans to pursue the chosen alternative
6. Put the plans into action
✔✔Levels of Planning: Strategic Planning - ✔✔Long-range planning that focuses on the
organization as a whole
(Long term decisions defining the objectives and capabilities)
, ✔✔Levels of Planning: Tactical Planning - ✔✔Intermediate term decisions defining how
capacity is used to meet demand
✔✔Levels of Planning: Operational Planning - ✔✔short term priorities and schedules for
resource allocation
✔✔Strategic management process and its steps - ✔✔-Process of ensuring appropriate
organizational strategy
1.) Environment Analysis
2.) Establishing organizational direction
3.) Strategy formulation
4.) Strategy implementation
5.) Strategic control
✔✔Environmental Analysis: The general environment and its components - ✔✔-
Economic component: Labor market conditions, inflation, cost of materials, etc.
-Social Component: Characteristics of the society, demographics, social values
-Political Component
-Legal Component
-Technology Component: New approaches to producing goods and services
✔✔Environmental Analysis: Industry environment (Porter's Five Forces) - ✔✔-Rivalry
among Competitors: Examines the intensity of competition within the industry.
-Threat of New Entrants: Considers how easy or difficult it is for new companies to enter
the market.
-Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Evaluates the influence suppliers have in setting prices
and terms.
-Bargaining Power of Buyers: Assesses the influence customers have in negotiating
prices and terms.
-Threat of Substitutes: Looks at the availability of alternative products or services that
can replace what the industry offers.
✔✔Environmental Analysis: Internal environment - ✔✔-Inside the organization
-Immediate and specific implication for managing the organization
-Corporate culture
-Includes 4 functions of management
✔✔Organizational direction and mission - ✔✔-Purpose and reason the organization
exists
-Reflects products or services, customers, important values
✔✔Strategy Formulation - ✔✔Determine appropriate course of action for achieving
organizational objectives
-Reflect environmental analysis
-Fulfill organizational mission
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Major activities managers typically perform Pt.2 - ✔✔-Task-related: Focused on
essential management duties like short-term planning and monitoring.
-People-related: Involving managing personnel through support, recognition, and
consultation.
-Change-related: Focused on adapting organizational elements by monitoring the
external environment and proposing new strategies.
✔✔Definition of Planning - ✔✔-The process of determining how an organization can get
where it wants to go and what it will do to accomplish its objectives
✔✔Planning Purposes - ✔✔-Planning precedes the other management functions
-Organizing, influencing, and controlling are all based on planning
✔✔Planning Advantages and Disadvantages - ✔✔-Emphasize organizational objectives
-Help managers to become future-oriented
-Enhance decision coordination
-Especially important for new ventures
-Managerial time involvement
-Rigidity and lack of adaptability
✔✔Types of Plans: Standing Plans - ✔✔-Policy: Furnishes broad guideline for taking
action consistent with organizational objectives
-Procedure: Outlines a series of related actions for a particular task. More specific
actions than policies
-Rule: Designates specific required actions. No room for deviation
✔✔Types of Plans: Single-Use Plan - ✔✔-Program: Carry out a special project within an
organization
-Budget: Single-use financial plan that covers a specified length of time
✔✔Planning Process: Steps and Elements - ✔✔1. State organizational objectives
2. List alternative ways of reaching objectives
3. Develop premises on which to base each alternative
4. Choose the best alternative for reaching objectives
5. Develop plans to pursue the chosen alternative
6. Put the plans into action
✔✔Levels of Planning: Strategic Planning - ✔✔Long-range planning that focuses on the
organization as a whole
(Long term decisions defining the objectives and capabilities)
, ✔✔Levels of Planning: Tactical Planning - ✔✔Intermediate term decisions defining how
capacity is used to meet demand
✔✔Levels of Planning: Operational Planning - ✔✔short term priorities and schedules for
resource allocation
✔✔Strategic management process and its steps - ✔✔-Process of ensuring appropriate
organizational strategy
1.) Environment Analysis
2.) Establishing organizational direction
3.) Strategy formulation
4.) Strategy implementation
5.) Strategic control
✔✔Environmental Analysis: The general environment and its components - ✔✔-
Economic component: Labor market conditions, inflation, cost of materials, etc.
-Social Component: Characteristics of the society, demographics, social values
-Political Component
-Legal Component
-Technology Component: New approaches to producing goods and services
✔✔Environmental Analysis: Industry environment (Porter's Five Forces) - ✔✔-Rivalry
among Competitors: Examines the intensity of competition within the industry.
-Threat of New Entrants: Considers how easy or difficult it is for new companies to enter
the market.
-Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Evaluates the influence suppliers have in setting prices
and terms.
-Bargaining Power of Buyers: Assesses the influence customers have in negotiating
prices and terms.
-Threat of Substitutes: Looks at the availability of alternative products or services that
can replace what the industry offers.
✔✔Environmental Analysis: Internal environment - ✔✔-Inside the organization
-Immediate and specific implication for managing the organization
-Corporate culture
-Includes 4 functions of management
✔✔Organizational direction and mission - ✔✔-Purpose and reason the organization
exists
-Reflects products or services, customers, important values
✔✔Strategy Formulation - ✔✔Determine appropriate course of action for achieving
organizational objectives
-Reflect environmental analysis
-Fulfill organizational mission
