What are the three historical approaches to health in Canada?
- medical approach
- behavioural approach
- socio-environmental approach
Describe the medical approach to health (6)
- western thinking
- focuses on treatment of disease
- must have adequate health-care system
- prevalent after WWII with influx of economic growth
- national health insurance was created
- less emphasis on health promotion & disease prevention
The physicians role in the medical model
The physician was seen as the expert and patients were expected to comply with his/her advice. The physici
an authoritarian position in relation to the patient.
What type of care results in greater patient involvement?
Patient-centred care
,Describe the behavioural approach to health (5)
- lots of money was being spent on health care but health status of population was not improving
- Lalonde report defined the health determinants as LIFESTYLE, environment, human biology, and the organ
health-care.
- lifestyle contributes to chronic disease
- this approach places responsibility of health on the individual and less on physician
- lifestyle improvements were made primarily by well-educated, well-employed, and higher income Canadian
Describe the socio-environmental approach (1)
- health is tied to social structure: poverty, air pollution, poor water quality and workplace hazards are barriers
behaviours
Describe the Ottawa Charter (2)
- took the socio-environmental approach
- places responsibility for health on society rather than on just individuals
Ottawa Charter's pre-requisites for health (8)
- peace
- shelter
, - education
- food
- income
- stable ecosystem
- social justice
- equity
Ottawa Charter's five main strategies to promote health
1) build healthy public policy
2) create supportive environments
3) strengthen community action
4) develop personal skills
5) reorient health services
Describe the Epp Report (1)
- developed by Jake Epp minister of National Health and Welfare - wanted health for all
What are the three major challenges identified in the Epp Report
1) reducing inequalities
2) improving prevention
- medical approach
- behavioural approach
- socio-environmental approach
Describe the medical approach to health (6)
- western thinking
- focuses on treatment of disease
- must have adequate health-care system
- prevalent after WWII with influx of economic growth
- national health insurance was created
- less emphasis on health promotion & disease prevention
The physicians role in the medical model
The physician was seen as the expert and patients were expected to comply with his/her advice. The physici
an authoritarian position in relation to the patient.
What type of care results in greater patient involvement?
Patient-centred care
,Describe the behavioural approach to health (5)
- lots of money was being spent on health care but health status of population was not improving
- Lalonde report defined the health determinants as LIFESTYLE, environment, human biology, and the organ
health-care.
- lifestyle contributes to chronic disease
- this approach places responsibility of health on the individual and less on physician
- lifestyle improvements were made primarily by well-educated, well-employed, and higher income Canadian
Describe the socio-environmental approach (1)
- health is tied to social structure: poverty, air pollution, poor water quality and workplace hazards are barriers
behaviours
Describe the Ottawa Charter (2)
- took the socio-environmental approach
- places responsibility for health on society rather than on just individuals
Ottawa Charter's pre-requisites for health (8)
- peace
- shelter
, - education
- food
- income
- stable ecosystem
- social justice
- equity
Ottawa Charter's five main strategies to promote health
1) build healthy public policy
2) create supportive environments
3) strengthen community action
4) develop personal skills
5) reorient health services
Describe the Epp Report (1)
- developed by Jake Epp minister of National Health and Welfare - wanted health for all
What are the three major challenges identified in the Epp Report
1) reducing inequalities
2) improving prevention
