ACS EXAM REVIEW16
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment - ANSWERSproposed that atoms consist of a tiny, massive,
positive nucleus surrounded by electrons
nucleus - ANSWERScontains all the positive charge and nearly all the mass of the atom
James Chadwick - ANSWERSdiscovered the neutron
cathode rays - ANSWERSmove from negative electrode to positive electrode (like electrons in a
voltaic cell)
Thompson's Cathode Ray Experiment - ANSWERSdiscovery of the electron (also the discovery
that atoms are divisible into smaller particles)
Millikin's oil drop experiment - ANSWERSdetermined the charge of the electron through highest
grade clock oil and electrons from X-ray that clung to positive charged oil drops- determined
that electrons are some whole value of charge (Faraday constant)
Thompson's plum pudding model - ANSWERSmodel of a spherical atom composed of diffuse
positively charged matter in which electrons are embedded like raisins in plum pudding
atomic number - ANSWERSnumber of protons (Z)
mass number - ANSWERSnumber of protons and neutrons (nucleons) (A)
isotopes - ANSWERSsame element with different numbers of neutrons
,mass spectrometry - ANSWERSa method for measuring the relative masses and abundances of
atomic scale particles very precisely
empirical formula - ANSWERSshows relative number of atoms in a compound
molecular formula - ANSWERSshows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
of compound
aufbau principle - ANSWERSthe rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first
quantum mechanics - ANSWERSmechanics applied to the atomic and nuclear level and dealing
with photons and other quanta that show both wave and particle behavior
Heisenburg's uncertainty principle - ANSWERSthe statement that, due to the laws of quantum
mechanics, it is impossible to simultaneously exactly measure a particle's position and
momentum or to exactly measure a particle's energy for a finite amount of time.
electron energy - ANSWERSThe strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus of an
atom; the closer and electron to the nucleus, the higher the electron binding energy.
quantum numbers - ANSWERSthe four numbers that define each particular electron of an atom.
The Principle Quantum Number (n) describes the electrons' energy and distance from the
nucleus. The Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l) describes the shape of the orbital in
which the electron resides. The Magnetic Quantum Number (m) describes the orientation of
the orbital in space. The Spin Quantum Number (s) describes whether the spin of the electron is
positive or negative.
photon - ANSWERSpacket of energy
, electromagnetic radiation - ANSWERSA form of energy exhibiting wavelike behavior as it travels
through space; can be described by wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed.
radial probability distributions - ANSWERSa graph in which the total probability of finding the
electron in each spherical shell is plotted versus the distance from the nucleus
isoelectronic - ANSWERSsame number of electrons
alpha particle - ANSWERS...
beta particle - ANSWERS...
gamma ray - ANSWERS...
group 1 - ANSWERSalkali metals
group 2 - ANSWERSalkaline earth metals
group 7 - ANSWERShalogens
group 8 - ANSWERSnoble gases
electromagnetic spectrum (decreasing energy) - ANSWERSx-ray, uv-ray, visible light, infrared
light, microwaves, tv, radio waves
higher photon energy - ANSWERShigher frequencies (∨) and shorter wavelengths (λ)
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment - ANSWERSproposed that atoms consist of a tiny, massive,
positive nucleus surrounded by electrons
nucleus - ANSWERScontains all the positive charge and nearly all the mass of the atom
James Chadwick - ANSWERSdiscovered the neutron
cathode rays - ANSWERSmove from negative electrode to positive electrode (like electrons in a
voltaic cell)
Thompson's Cathode Ray Experiment - ANSWERSdiscovery of the electron (also the discovery
that atoms are divisible into smaller particles)
Millikin's oil drop experiment - ANSWERSdetermined the charge of the electron through highest
grade clock oil and electrons from X-ray that clung to positive charged oil drops- determined
that electrons are some whole value of charge (Faraday constant)
Thompson's plum pudding model - ANSWERSmodel of a spherical atom composed of diffuse
positively charged matter in which electrons are embedded like raisins in plum pudding
atomic number - ANSWERSnumber of protons (Z)
mass number - ANSWERSnumber of protons and neutrons (nucleons) (A)
isotopes - ANSWERSsame element with different numbers of neutrons
,mass spectrometry - ANSWERSa method for measuring the relative masses and abundances of
atomic scale particles very precisely
empirical formula - ANSWERSshows relative number of atoms in a compound
molecular formula - ANSWERSshows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
of compound
aufbau principle - ANSWERSthe rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first
quantum mechanics - ANSWERSmechanics applied to the atomic and nuclear level and dealing
with photons and other quanta that show both wave and particle behavior
Heisenburg's uncertainty principle - ANSWERSthe statement that, due to the laws of quantum
mechanics, it is impossible to simultaneously exactly measure a particle's position and
momentum or to exactly measure a particle's energy for a finite amount of time.
electron energy - ANSWERSThe strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus of an
atom; the closer and electron to the nucleus, the higher the electron binding energy.
quantum numbers - ANSWERSthe four numbers that define each particular electron of an atom.
The Principle Quantum Number (n) describes the electrons' energy and distance from the
nucleus. The Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l) describes the shape of the orbital in
which the electron resides. The Magnetic Quantum Number (m) describes the orientation of
the orbital in space. The Spin Quantum Number (s) describes whether the spin of the electron is
positive or negative.
photon - ANSWERSpacket of energy
, electromagnetic radiation - ANSWERSA form of energy exhibiting wavelike behavior as it travels
through space; can be described by wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed.
radial probability distributions - ANSWERSa graph in which the total probability of finding the
electron in each spherical shell is plotted versus the distance from the nucleus
isoelectronic - ANSWERSsame number of electrons
alpha particle - ANSWERS...
beta particle - ANSWERS...
gamma ray - ANSWERS...
group 1 - ANSWERSalkali metals
group 2 - ANSWERSalkaline earth metals
group 7 - ANSWERShalogens
group 8 - ANSWERSnoble gases
electromagnetic spectrum (decreasing energy) - ANSWERSx-ray, uv-ray, visible light, infrared
light, microwaves, tv, radio waves
higher photon energy - ANSWERShigher frequencies (∨) and shorter wavelengths (λ)
