Pathology exam 1 Questions & Verified
Answers, .
A 51 year old man has a blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg. If this condition remains untreated for years,
which of the following cellular alterations will be seen in the heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Hypertrophy
_______ is an increase in size of cells - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypertrophy
________ is an increase in number of cells - CORRECT ANSWERS Hyperplasia
A 32 year old man has years of "heartburn" with substernal pain from gastric reflux into the lower
esophagus. The esophageal epithelium has the appearance shown here (don't have picture) Which of
the following pathologic alterations (a cellular adaptation) has occurred as the result of chronic gastric
acid reflux - CORRECT ANSWERS Columnar epithelial metaplasia
Heart muscle from an autopsy of a 90 year old man. What is the brown pigment? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Lipofuscin
Can apoptosis be extrinsic and intrinsic? - CORRECT ANSWERS Yes
Apoptosis does not elicit what? - CORRECT ANSWERS Inflammatory response
A 68 year old woman suddenly lost consciousness and on awakening an hour later, could not speak or
move her right arm and leg. 2 months later, a head CT scan showed a large cystic area in her left parietal
lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes most likely occurred in the brain? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Liquefactive necrosis
, In a myocardial infarct, it would be ________ necrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS Coagulative
Ischemic necrosis outside of the brain is typically what? - CORRECT ANSWERS Coagulative
necrosis
In a lymph node infected by Mycobacteria tuberculosis, it would be _____ necrosis - CORRECT
ANSWERS Coagulative
_________ occurs with ischemic necrosis in the brain and in abscesses - CORRECT ANSWERS
Liquefactive necrosis
A 17 year old man infected with hepatitis A has mild nausea and scleral icterus. Lab findings include
elevations of hepatic enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). The
increase in the enzyme levels in serum is due to which of the following changes in the hepatocytes? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Defects in the cell membrane
What is a free radical and what does it do? - CORRECT ANSWERS Chemical with single unpaired
electron in outer orbit. Caused by radiation, toxins, reperfusion injury
Damages cell membranes, DNA, and proteins
What are the 5 pillars of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss
of function
What causes Rubor and heat in acute inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWERS Ateriolar
vasodilation due to histamine action on vascular smooth muscle
Release of histamine at the site of inflammation causes what? - CORRECT ANSWERS Increased
vascular permeability
Answers, .
A 51 year old man has a blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg. If this condition remains untreated for years,
which of the following cellular alterations will be seen in the heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Hypertrophy
_______ is an increase in size of cells - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypertrophy
________ is an increase in number of cells - CORRECT ANSWERS Hyperplasia
A 32 year old man has years of "heartburn" with substernal pain from gastric reflux into the lower
esophagus. The esophageal epithelium has the appearance shown here (don't have picture) Which of
the following pathologic alterations (a cellular adaptation) has occurred as the result of chronic gastric
acid reflux - CORRECT ANSWERS Columnar epithelial metaplasia
Heart muscle from an autopsy of a 90 year old man. What is the brown pigment? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Lipofuscin
Can apoptosis be extrinsic and intrinsic? - CORRECT ANSWERS Yes
Apoptosis does not elicit what? - CORRECT ANSWERS Inflammatory response
A 68 year old woman suddenly lost consciousness and on awakening an hour later, could not speak or
move her right arm and leg. 2 months later, a head CT scan showed a large cystic area in her left parietal
lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes most likely occurred in the brain? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Liquefactive necrosis
, In a myocardial infarct, it would be ________ necrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS Coagulative
Ischemic necrosis outside of the brain is typically what? - CORRECT ANSWERS Coagulative
necrosis
In a lymph node infected by Mycobacteria tuberculosis, it would be _____ necrosis - CORRECT
ANSWERS Coagulative
_________ occurs with ischemic necrosis in the brain and in abscesses - CORRECT ANSWERS
Liquefactive necrosis
A 17 year old man infected with hepatitis A has mild nausea and scleral icterus. Lab findings include
elevations of hepatic enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). The
increase in the enzyme levels in serum is due to which of the following changes in the hepatocytes? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Defects in the cell membrane
What is a free radical and what does it do? - CORRECT ANSWERS Chemical with single unpaired
electron in outer orbit. Caused by radiation, toxins, reperfusion injury
Damages cell membranes, DNA, and proteins
What are the 5 pillars of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss
of function
What causes Rubor and heat in acute inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWERS Ateriolar
vasodilation due to histamine action on vascular smooth muscle
Release of histamine at the site of inflammation causes what? - CORRECT ANSWERS Increased
vascular permeability
