PSC 168 exam 1 questions with
verified answers graded A+
idiographic understanding - correct answer ✔✔An understanding of the behavior of a particular
individual
idiographic - correct answer ✔✔clinical practitioners apply this general or nomothetic
understanding of abnormal functioning, but their main focus when faced with a new client is to
gather ________, or individual, information about him or her
-to help a particular client overcome his or her problems, a practitioner must have the fullest
possible understanding of that person and must know the circumstances under which the
problems arose
assessment - correct answer ✔✔clinicians use the procedures of ________ and diagnosis to
gather individual information about a client. Then they are in a position to apply treatment.
assessment - correct answer ✔✔_________ is simply the collecting of relevant information in
an effort to reach a conclusion.
-the process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research
participant
clinical assessment - correct answer ✔✔___________ is used to determine how and why a
person is behaving abnormally and how that person may be helped.
-It also enables clinicians to evaluate people's progress after they have been in treatment for a
while and decide whether the treatment should be changed
standardization - correct answer ✔✔the process in which a test is administered to a large group
of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individual's
score can be measured
,reliability - correct answer ✔✔a measure of the consistency of test or research results
validity - correct answer ✔✔the accuracy of a test's or study's results; that is, the extent to
which the test or study actually measures or shows what it claims
test retest reliability - correct answer ✔✔one kind of reliability
-yields the same results every time it is given to the same people
-to measure this reliability, participants are tested on two occasions and the two scores are
correlated
interrator reliability - correct answer ✔✔an assessment tool shows high _____________ if
different judges independently agree on how to score and interpret it
predictive validity - correct answer ✔✔___________ is a too's ability to predict future
characteristics or behavior
concurrent validity - correct answer ✔✔_________ is the degree to which the measures
gathered form one tool agree with the measures gathered from other assessment techniques
-participants' scores on a new test designed to measure anxiety, for example, should correlate
highly with their scores on other anxiety tests or with their behavior during clinical interviews
clinical interview - correct answer ✔✔a face to face encounter
-most of us feel instinctively that the best way to get to know people is to meet with them face
to face
-we can see them react to what we do and say, observe as well as listen as they answer, watch
them observing us, and generally get a sense of who they are
,mental status exam - correct answer ✔✔a set of interview questions and observations designed
to reveal the degree and nature of a client's abnormal functioning
test - correct answer ✔✔a device for gathering information about a few aspects of a person's
psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred
projective test - correct answer ✔✔a test consisting of ambiguous material that people
interpret or respond to
structured interview - correct answer ✔✔-clinicians ask prepared questions
-widely used by behavioral and cognitive clinicians, who need to pinpoint behaviors, attitudes,
or thinking processes that may underlie abnormal behavior
-many include a mental status exam, a set of questions and observations that systematically
evaluate the client's awareness, orientation with regard to time and place, attention span,
memory, judgment and insight, though content and processes, mood, and appearance
unstructured interview - correct answer ✔✔-the clinician asks open-ended questions
-typically appeal to psychodynamic and humanistic clinicians
-lack of structure allows the interviewer to follow interesting leads and explore relevant topics
that could not be anticipated before the interview
validity - correct answer ✔✔limitations of clinical interviews
-sometimes lack _______ or accuracy
-individuals may intentionally mislead in order to present themselves in a positive light or to
avoid discussing embarrassing topic
-interviewers may make mistakes in judgments that slant the information they gather
-
, projective tests - correct answer ✔✔require that clients interpret vague stimuli, such as inkblots
or ambiguous pictures, or follow open-ended instructions such as "Draw a person."
-theoretically, when clues and instructions are so vague, people will "project" aspects of their
personality into the task
-used primarily by psychodynamic clinicians to help assess the unconscious drives and conflicts
they believe to be at the root of abnormal functioning
rorschach test - correct answer ✔✔-a projective test
-made blots on paper --> people saw images
-the images a viewer saw seemed to correspond in important ways with his or her psychological
condition
-people diagnoses with schizophrenia tended to see images that differed from those described
by people suffering from depression
thematic apperception test - correct answer ✔✔projective tests
-pictorial projective test
-commonly shown 30 black-and-white pictures of individuals in vague situations and are asked
to make up a dramatic story about each card
-they must tell what is happening in the picture, what led up to it, what the characters are
feeling and thinking and what the outcome of the situation will be
-clinicians who use the TAT believe that people always identify with one of the characters on
each card, called the hero
-the stories are thought to reflect the individual's own circumstances, needs, emotions, and
sense of reality and fantasy
sentence completion test - correct answer ✔✔projective tests
-asks people to complete a series of unfinished sentences, such as "I wish..." or "My father..."
-the test is considered a good springboard for discussion and a quick and easy way to pinpoint
topics to explore
verified answers graded A+
idiographic understanding - correct answer ✔✔An understanding of the behavior of a particular
individual
idiographic - correct answer ✔✔clinical practitioners apply this general or nomothetic
understanding of abnormal functioning, but their main focus when faced with a new client is to
gather ________, or individual, information about him or her
-to help a particular client overcome his or her problems, a practitioner must have the fullest
possible understanding of that person and must know the circumstances under which the
problems arose
assessment - correct answer ✔✔clinicians use the procedures of ________ and diagnosis to
gather individual information about a client. Then they are in a position to apply treatment.
assessment - correct answer ✔✔_________ is simply the collecting of relevant information in
an effort to reach a conclusion.
-the process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research
participant
clinical assessment - correct answer ✔✔___________ is used to determine how and why a
person is behaving abnormally and how that person may be helped.
-It also enables clinicians to evaluate people's progress after they have been in treatment for a
while and decide whether the treatment should be changed
standardization - correct answer ✔✔the process in which a test is administered to a large group
of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individual's
score can be measured
,reliability - correct answer ✔✔a measure of the consistency of test or research results
validity - correct answer ✔✔the accuracy of a test's or study's results; that is, the extent to
which the test or study actually measures or shows what it claims
test retest reliability - correct answer ✔✔one kind of reliability
-yields the same results every time it is given to the same people
-to measure this reliability, participants are tested on two occasions and the two scores are
correlated
interrator reliability - correct answer ✔✔an assessment tool shows high _____________ if
different judges independently agree on how to score and interpret it
predictive validity - correct answer ✔✔___________ is a too's ability to predict future
characteristics or behavior
concurrent validity - correct answer ✔✔_________ is the degree to which the measures
gathered form one tool agree with the measures gathered from other assessment techniques
-participants' scores on a new test designed to measure anxiety, for example, should correlate
highly with their scores on other anxiety tests or with their behavior during clinical interviews
clinical interview - correct answer ✔✔a face to face encounter
-most of us feel instinctively that the best way to get to know people is to meet with them face
to face
-we can see them react to what we do and say, observe as well as listen as they answer, watch
them observing us, and generally get a sense of who they are
,mental status exam - correct answer ✔✔a set of interview questions and observations designed
to reveal the degree and nature of a client's abnormal functioning
test - correct answer ✔✔a device for gathering information about a few aspects of a person's
psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred
projective test - correct answer ✔✔a test consisting of ambiguous material that people
interpret or respond to
structured interview - correct answer ✔✔-clinicians ask prepared questions
-widely used by behavioral and cognitive clinicians, who need to pinpoint behaviors, attitudes,
or thinking processes that may underlie abnormal behavior
-many include a mental status exam, a set of questions and observations that systematically
evaluate the client's awareness, orientation with regard to time and place, attention span,
memory, judgment and insight, though content and processes, mood, and appearance
unstructured interview - correct answer ✔✔-the clinician asks open-ended questions
-typically appeal to psychodynamic and humanistic clinicians
-lack of structure allows the interviewer to follow interesting leads and explore relevant topics
that could not be anticipated before the interview
validity - correct answer ✔✔limitations of clinical interviews
-sometimes lack _______ or accuracy
-individuals may intentionally mislead in order to present themselves in a positive light or to
avoid discussing embarrassing topic
-interviewers may make mistakes in judgments that slant the information they gather
-
, projective tests - correct answer ✔✔require that clients interpret vague stimuli, such as inkblots
or ambiguous pictures, or follow open-ended instructions such as "Draw a person."
-theoretically, when clues and instructions are so vague, people will "project" aspects of their
personality into the task
-used primarily by psychodynamic clinicians to help assess the unconscious drives and conflicts
they believe to be at the root of abnormal functioning
rorschach test - correct answer ✔✔-a projective test
-made blots on paper --> people saw images
-the images a viewer saw seemed to correspond in important ways with his or her psychological
condition
-people diagnoses with schizophrenia tended to see images that differed from those described
by people suffering from depression
thematic apperception test - correct answer ✔✔projective tests
-pictorial projective test
-commonly shown 30 black-and-white pictures of individuals in vague situations and are asked
to make up a dramatic story about each card
-they must tell what is happening in the picture, what led up to it, what the characters are
feeling and thinking and what the outcome of the situation will be
-clinicians who use the TAT believe that people always identify with one of the characters on
each card, called the hero
-the stories are thought to reflect the individual's own circumstances, needs, emotions, and
sense of reality and fantasy
sentence completion test - correct answer ✔✔projective tests
-asks people to complete a series of unfinished sentences, such as "I wish..." or "My father..."
-the test is considered a good springboard for discussion and a quick and easy way to pinpoint
topics to explore
