HESI BIOLOGY EXAM Q’S AND A’S
What is the first step of cellular respiration when glucose is converted to pyruvate?
Glycolysis
The Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
The Calvin cycle - Answer- Glycolysis
A clinical researcher administered a pill with no therapeutic value to his subject.
Which of the following best describes this treatment?
Evaluation
Double-blind
Placebo
Experimentation - Answer- Placebo
Bony fishes belong to Phylum Chordata. Which of the following levels of
classification is more inclusive than this level?
Kingdom
Class
Order
Family - Answer- Kingdom
-Kingdom is a higher or more inclusive level of the hierarchical system of
classification than the phylum level.
Which of these defines specific heat?
The amount of heat needed to reduce the temperature of one gram of a substance
by one degree celsius
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance
by one degree celsius
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by
one degree celsius
The amount of heat needed to reduce the temperature of one kilogram of a
substance by one degree celsius - Answer- The amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree celsius
-The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by
one degree celsius is called specific heat. The unit of specific heat is joules per gram
per degree (J/g°C).
Polarity allows water to be a good __________.
,solvent
solute
molecule
solution - Answer- solvent
How are carbohydrates absorbed into the bloodstream?
Carbohydrates are turned into glucose and absorbed into the blood via the walls of
the small intestine.
Carbohydrates are turned into disaccharides and absorbed into the blood via the
walls of the stomach.
Carbohydrates are turned into fatty acids and absorbed into the blood via the walls of
the large intestine.
Carbohydrates are turned into oxygen and are absorbed into the blood via the lungs.
- Answer- Carbohydrates are turned into glucose and absorbed into the blood via the
walls of the small intestine.
- When your stomach digests food, carbohydrates (sugars and starches) in the food
you ate gets broken down into another type of smaller sugar, called glucose. The
small intestines absorb the glucose and then release it into the bloodstream.
Humans and other animals require nitrogen; however, they cannot obtain it from the
air or soil. What must animals consume in order to obtain the nitrogen they need?
Lipids
Protein
Glucose
Carbohydrates - Answer- Protein
-Animals and humans obtain the nitrogen they require by consuming protein.
Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which are arranged
as chains (polymers) of amino acids.
Which of the following best describes the structure of proteins?
Polymers of steroids
Polymers of fatty acids
Polymers of nucleic acids
Polymers of amino acids - Answer- Polymers of amino acids
All metabolic reactions in a cell are catalyzed by which of the following?
Phospholipids
Enzymes
Steroids
Amino acids - Answer- Enzymes
, -Enzymes are a type of protein. They catalyze (cause or accelerate) different
reactions and processes. Almost all cellular function is catalyzed by some type of
enzyme.
Cells with a high rate of protein synthesis generally have a large number of:
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Vacuoles - Answer- Ribosomes
-Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes read RNA produced in
the nucleus and translate the genetic instructions provided to produce proteins. Cells
with a high rate of protein synthesis typically contain a high number of ribosomes.
If a substance is moving across a plasma membrane against the concentration
gradient, what type of transport is required?
Passive transport
Active transport
Osmosis
Diffusion - Answer- Active Transport
The cell membrane is composed of which of the following?
A single layer of phospholipid molecules
A bilayer of phospholipid molecules
A rigid layer of cytoskeleton
A wall of cholesterol and phospholipids - Answer- A bilayer of phospholipid
molecules
Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Answer- Mitochondria
-Cellular respiration takes place inside the mitochondria, which is the powerhouse of
the cell. In the mitochondria, ATP (energy) is produced in three stages, which
collectively are referred to as cellular respiration:
A metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP is called
__________.
Gluconeogenesis
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Lipolysis - Answer- Cellular respiration
What is the first step of cellular respiration when glucose is converted to pyruvate?
Glycolysis
The Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
The Calvin cycle - Answer- Glycolysis
A clinical researcher administered a pill with no therapeutic value to his subject.
Which of the following best describes this treatment?
Evaluation
Double-blind
Placebo
Experimentation - Answer- Placebo
Bony fishes belong to Phylum Chordata. Which of the following levels of
classification is more inclusive than this level?
Kingdom
Class
Order
Family - Answer- Kingdom
-Kingdom is a higher or more inclusive level of the hierarchical system of
classification than the phylum level.
Which of these defines specific heat?
The amount of heat needed to reduce the temperature of one gram of a substance
by one degree celsius
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance
by one degree celsius
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by
one degree celsius
The amount of heat needed to reduce the temperature of one kilogram of a
substance by one degree celsius - Answer- The amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree celsius
-The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by
one degree celsius is called specific heat. The unit of specific heat is joules per gram
per degree (J/g°C).
Polarity allows water to be a good __________.
,solvent
solute
molecule
solution - Answer- solvent
How are carbohydrates absorbed into the bloodstream?
Carbohydrates are turned into glucose and absorbed into the blood via the walls of
the small intestine.
Carbohydrates are turned into disaccharides and absorbed into the blood via the
walls of the stomach.
Carbohydrates are turned into fatty acids and absorbed into the blood via the walls of
the large intestine.
Carbohydrates are turned into oxygen and are absorbed into the blood via the lungs.
- Answer- Carbohydrates are turned into glucose and absorbed into the blood via the
walls of the small intestine.
- When your stomach digests food, carbohydrates (sugars and starches) in the food
you ate gets broken down into another type of smaller sugar, called glucose. The
small intestines absorb the glucose and then release it into the bloodstream.
Humans and other animals require nitrogen; however, they cannot obtain it from the
air or soil. What must animals consume in order to obtain the nitrogen they need?
Lipids
Protein
Glucose
Carbohydrates - Answer- Protein
-Animals and humans obtain the nitrogen they require by consuming protein.
Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which are arranged
as chains (polymers) of amino acids.
Which of the following best describes the structure of proteins?
Polymers of steroids
Polymers of fatty acids
Polymers of nucleic acids
Polymers of amino acids - Answer- Polymers of amino acids
All metabolic reactions in a cell are catalyzed by which of the following?
Phospholipids
Enzymes
Steroids
Amino acids - Answer- Enzymes
, -Enzymes are a type of protein. They catalyze (cause or accelerate) different
reactions and processes. Almost all cellular function is catalyzed by some type of
enzyme.
Cells with a high rate of protein synthesis generally have a large number of:
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Vacuoles - Answer- Ribosomes
-Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes read RNA produced in
the nucleus and translate the genetic instructions provided to produce proteins. Cells
with a high rate of protein synthesis typically contain a high number of ribosomes.
If a substance is moving across a plasma membrane against the concentration
gradient, what type of transport is required?
Passive transport
Active transport
Osmosis
Diffusion - Answer- Active Transport
The cell membrane is composed of which of the following?
A single layer of phospholipid molecules
A bilayer of phospholipid molecules
A rigid layer of cytoskeleton
A wall of cholesterol and phospholipids - Answer- A bilayer of phospholipid
molecules
Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Answer- Mitochondria
-Cellular respiration takes place inside the mitochondria, which is the powerhouse of
the cell. In the mitochondria, ATP (energy) is produced in three stages, which
collectively are referred to as cellular respiration:
A metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP is called
__________.
Gluconeogenesis
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Lipolysis - Answer- Cellular respiration
