PPNC Exam 2 Questions and Answers
Q: factors that commonly affect urinary elimination
✓✓ Renal diseases, liquid intake, age, medications
Q: urinary retention
✓✓ inability to empty bladder partially or completely
can be due to blockage, muscle issues, Habits, surgery, medications,
trauma
may result in urinary leakage
Q: urinary retention test
✓✓ bladder scan / ultrasound with PVR
Q: urinary tract infection (UTI)
✓✓ infection in the urine
Risk factors - catheter (catheter-associated uti - CAUTI)
Symptoms - polyuria, painful urination, blood in urine, cloudy urine,
confusion, fatigue decrease appetite, fever
Most common HAI
Q: UTI most commonly caused by
✓✓ e.coli due to stool and wiping back to front
Q: UTI test
,✓✓ Test: urinalysis and culture/sensitivity
Q: transient urinary incontinence
✓✓ reversible - caused by medical condition, anesthesia, narcotics, etc
Q: urinary incontinence
✓✓ Not able to control pee, lack of bladder control
Q: functional urinary incontinence
✓✓ caused by Mobility concerns, environmental barriers, sensory and
cognitive impairment
Q: overflow urinary incontinence
✓✓ Bladder so full it starts leaking, elevated PVR (post void residual -
They went to bathroom and bladder scan, there is still a lot of urine there,
didnt empty urine fully)
Q: stress urinary incontinence
✓✓ involuntary discharge of urine during coughing, straining, or sudden
movements
happens when walking, exercising, moving too quick, laughing - women
who have had kids can have this
Q: reflex urinary incontinence
✓✓ caused by spinal cord injury
Q: urine culture
, ✓✓ identifies microorganism in a urine sample and the specific antibiotic
that will treat it
Needs to be as clean as possible
Clean perineal area very well from labia majora to labia minora to middle
Catch urine midstream by peeing then stopping and sliding cup under
and peeing again
Q: urine dipstick
✓✓ test that measures glucose, ketones, protein, leukocytes and other
substances in the urine
looks for blood in urine too
Q: urinalysis
✓✓ provides information about the concentration and pH of the urine as
well as the presence of protein, glucose, ketones, microorganisms and
other elements
Q: creatine clearance test
✓✓ measure of kidney function that examines the rate of creatine
excreted in the urine
Q: renal ultrasound
✓✓ assess the size, shape, and location of the kidneys and bladder
Q: kidney function blood tests
✓✓ checks BUN, creatinine, and BUN/creatinine ratio - all indicators of
kidney function
Q: cues associated with altered urinary elimination
Q: factors that commonly affect urinary elimination
✓✓ Renal diseases, liquid intake, age, medications
Q: urinary retention
✓✓ inability to empty bladder partially or completely
can be due to blockage, muscle issues, Habits, surgery, medications,
trauma
may result in urinary leakage
Q: urinary retention test
✓✓ bladder scan / ultrasound with PVR
Q: urinary tract infection (UTI)
✓✓ infection in the urine
Risk factors - catheter (catheter-associated uti - CAUTI)
Symptoms - polyuria, painful urination, blood in urine, cloudy urine,
confusion, fatigue decrease appetite, fever
Most common HAI
Q: UTI most commonly caused by
✓✓ e.coli due to stool and wiping back to front
Q: UTI test
,✓✓ Test: urinalysis and culture/sensitivity
Q: transient urinary incontinence
✓✓ reversible - caused by medical condition, anesthesia, narcotics, etc
Q: urinary incontinence
✓✓ Not able to control pee, lack of bladder control
Q: functional urinary incontinence
✓✓ caused by Mobility concerns, environmental barriers, sensory and
cognitive impairment
Q: overflow urinary incontinence
✓✓ Bladder so full it starts leaking, elevated PVR (post void residual -
They went to bathroom and bladder scan, there is still a lot of urine there,
didnt empty urine fully)
Q: stress urinary incontinence
✓✓ involuntary discharge of urine during coughing, straining, or sudden
movements
happens when walking, exercising, moving too quick, laughing - women
who have had kids can have this
Q: reflex urinary incontinence
✓✓ caused by spinal cord injury
Q: urine culture
, ✓✓ identifies microorganism in a urine sample and the specific antibiotic
that will treat it
Needs to be as clean as possible
Clean perineal area very well from labia majora to labia minora to middle
Catch urine midstream by peeing then stopping and sliding cup under
and peeing again
Q: urine dipstick
✓✓ test that measures glucose, ketones, protein, leukocytes and other
substances in the urine
looks for blood in urine too
Q: urinalysis
✓✓ provides information about the concentration and pH of the urine as
well as the presence of protein, glucose, ketones, microorganisms and
other elements
Q: creatine clearance test
✓✓ measure of kidney function that examines the rate of creatine
excreted in the urine
Q: renal ultrasound
✓✓ assess the size, shape, and location of the kidneys and bladder
Q: kidney function blood tests
✓✓ checks BUN, creatinine, and BUN/creatinine ratio - all indicators of
kidney function
Q: cues associated with altered urinary elimination
