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Westcoast EMT Block 4 Exam 2025
|Certified Exam Questions With
Answers
Eyeball anatomy -correct answer-1. Globe-shaped, approximately 1 inch in
diameter
2. Located within a bony socket in the skull called the orbit
a. The orbit is composed of adjacent bones of the face and skull.
b. In adults, the orbit protects over 80% of the eyeball.
c. Between and below the orbits are the nasal bone and the sinuses.
3. The eyeball, or globe, keeps its shape as a result of pressure from the fluid
contained within its two chambers.
a. Clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye is called the vitreous humor.
b. In front of the lens is a clear fluid called the aqueous humor.
i. In penetrating injuries of the eye, aqueous humor can leak out.
ii. With time and appropriate medical treatment, the body can make more.
4. The conjunctiva is a membrane that covers the eye.
5. The lacrimal glands, often called tear glands, produce fluid to keep the eyes
moist.
a. When a person blinks, fluid is swept from the lacrimal glands over the surface of
the eye, cleaning it.
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b. The tears drain on the inner side of the eye through two lacrimal ducts into the
nasal cavity.
6. The sclera is the white, fibrous tissue that helps maintain the globular shape
and protects the more delicate inner structures.
7. On the front of the eye, the sclera is replaced by a clear, transparent membrane
called the cornea.
a. Allows light to enter the eye
b. The iris is a circular muscle behind the cornea.
i. The iris acts like a camera to adjust the size of the opening to regulate the
amount of light that enters the eye.
ii. The iris is pigmented, giving the eye its color.
8. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris.
a. Allows light to move to the back of the eye
b. Anisocoria is a condition in which a person is born with different-sized pupils.
i. In unconscious patients, unequal pupil size may indicate serious injury or illness
of the brain or eye.
9. The lens
common eye injuries -correct answer-foreign objects
lacerations
blunt trauma
following head trauma
blast injuries
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eye injury treatment -correct answer-4. Treatment starts with a thorough
examination.
5. Always use standard precautions.
a. Take care not to aggravate any problems.
6. Look for specific abnormalities or conditions that may suggest the nature of the
injury.
a. A damaged cornea quickly loses its smooth, wet appearance.
eye burns -correct answer-b. Chemical burns
i. Usually caused by acid or alkaline solutions
ii. Flush the eye with water or sterile saline irrigation solution.
iii. Direct the greatest amount of irrigating solution or water into the eye as gently
as possible.
iv. You may have to force the lids open to irrigate.
v. Use a bulb, irrigation syringe, nasal cannula, basin, or running faucet.
vi. You can even have the patient immerse his or her face in a large pan or basin of
water and rapidly blink the affected eyelid.
vii. Flush from the inner corner of the affected eye toward the outside corner.
viii. If the burn was caused by an alkali or a strong acid, you should irrigate the eye
continuously for at least 20 minutes.
ix. After irrigation, apply a clean, dry dressing to cover the eye, and transport the
patient.
c. Thermal burns
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i. During a fire, the eyes will close to protect from heat.
ii. Eyelids are frequently burned and require specialized care.
iii. Transport promptly without further examination.
iv. Cover both eyes with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline.
v. You may apply eye shields over the dressing.
d. Light burns
i. Infrared rays, eclipse light, and laser beams all can cause significant damage to
the sensory cells of the eye.
ii. Retinal injuries caused by exposure to extremely bright light are generally not
painful but may result in permanent damage.
iii. Superficial burns of the eye can result from ultraviolet rays from an arc welding
unit; light from prolonged exposure to a sunlamp; or reflected light from a bright,
snow-covered area.
iv. May not be painful at first, but may become so 3 to 5 hours later
v. Severe conjunctivitis usually develops, with redness, swelling, and excessive tear
production.
vi. You can ease the pain by covering each eye with a sterile, moist pad and an eye
shield.
vii.The patient should be exami
foreign objects in eye -correct answer-a. The orbit protects the eye from the
penetration of large objects.
b. Even a very small object may produce severe irritation.
Westcoast EMT Block 4 Exam 2025
|Certified Exam Questions With
Answers
Eyeball anatomy -correct answer-1. Globe-shaped, approximately 1 inch in
diameter
2. Located within a bony socket in the skull called the orbit
a. The orbit is composed of adjacent bones of the face and skull.
b. In adults, the orbit protects over 80% of the eyeball.
c. Between and below the orbits are the nasal bone and the sinuses.
3. The eyeball, or globe, keeps its shape as a result of pressure from the fluid
contained within its two chambers.
a. Clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye is called the vitreous humor.
b. In front of the lens is a clear fluid called the aqueous humor.
i. In penetrating injuries of the eye, aqueous humor can leak out.
ii. With time and appropriate medical treatment, the body can make more.
4. The conjunctiva is a membrane that covers the eye.
5. The lacrimal glands, often called tear glands, produce fluid to keep the eyes
moist.
a. When a person blinks, fluid is swept from the lacrimal glands over the surface of
the eye, cleaning it.
,2|Page
b. The tears drain on the inner side of the eye through two lacrimal ducts into the
nasal cavity.
6. The sclera is the white, fibrous tissue that helps maintain the globular shape
and protects the more delicate inner structures.
7. On the front of the eye, the sclera is replaced by a clear, transparent membrane
called the cornea.
a. Allows light to enter the eye
b. The iris is a circular muscle behind the cornea.
i. The iris acts like a camera to adjust the size of the opening to regulate the
amount of light that enters the eye.
ii. The iris is pigmented, giving the eye its color.
8. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris.
a. Allows light to move to the back of the eye
b. Anisocoria is a condition in which a person is born with different-sized pupils.
i. In unconscious patients, unequal pupil size may indicate serious injury or illness
of the brain or eye.
9. The lens
common eye injuries -correct answer-foreign objects
lacerations
blunt trauma
following head trauma
blast injuries
,3|Page
eye injury treatment -correct answer-4. Treatment starts with a thorough
examination.
5. Always use standard precautions.
a. Take care not to aggravate any problems.
6. Look for specific abnormalities or conditions that may suggest the nature of the
injury.
a. A damaged cornea quickly loses its smooth, wet appearance.
eye burns -correct answer-b. Chemical burns
i. Usually caused by acid or alkaline solutions
ii. Flush the eye with water or sterile saline irrigation solution.
iii. Direct the greatest amount of irrigating solution or water into the eye as gently
as possible.
iv. You may have to force the lids open to irrigate.
v. Use a bulb, irrigation syringe, nasal cannula, basin, or running faucet.
vi. You can even have the patient immerse his or her face in a large pan or basin of
water and rapidly blink the affected eyelid.
vii. Flush from the inner corner of the affected eye toward the outside corner.
viii. If the burn was caused by an alkali or a strong acid, you should irrigate the eye
continuously for at least 20 minutes.
ix. After irrigation, apply a clean, dry dressing to cover the eye, and transport the
patient.
c. Thermal burns
, 4|Page
i. During a fire, the eyes will close to protect from heat.
ii. Eyelids are frequently burned and require specialized care.
iii. Transport promptly without further examination.
iv. Cover both eyes with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline.
v. You may apply eye shields over the dressing.
d. Light burns
i. Infrared rays, eclipse light, and laser beams all can cause significant damage to
the sensory cells of the eye.
ii. Retinal injuries caused by exposure to extremely bright light are generally not
painful but may result in permanent damage.
iii. Superficial burns of the eye can result from ultraviolet rays from an arc welding
unit; light from prolonged exposure to a sunlamp; or reflected light from a bright,
snow-covered area.
iv. May not be painful at first, but may become so 3 to 5 hours later
v. Severe conjunctivitis usually develops, with redness, swelling, and excessive tear
production.
vi. You can ease the pain by covering each eye with a sterile, moist pad and an eye
shield.
vii.The patient should be exami
foreign objects in eye -correct answer-a. The orbit protects the eye from the
penetration of large objects.
b. Even a very small object may produce severe irritation.
